Lesson 10 Grammar

Question 1

Difference between あります and います and what particle are they used with.

Answer 1

Both are used with the particle が

あります is used for inanimate and non-moving things.

います is used for animate and moving things.

They can be used to say, there is X or I have X.

赤いノートがあります。

Question 2

How to say something/ someone is somewhere. What interrogatives are used to ask “what” or “who”.

Answer 2

Placeに Xが あります/います

なに: What

だれ: Who

あそこにエドワードさんがいます。

あなたの庭になにがありますか。

Question 3

How to say something/ someone is somewhere, but talk about it as the topic of the sentence. Also the noun must be…

Answer 3

Xは placeに あります/います

…something the speaker and listener are aware of.

武道館は東京にあります。

Question 4

What is the sentence structure used to describe where something/ someone is in relation to something else.

Answer 4

Xの positionに/で Yが ある

机の上に写真があります。

写真は机の上にあります。

カフェの外で友達に会いました。

カフェと本屋の間にスパーがあります。

Question 5

How to connect two (or more) nouns in a sentence and what can be placed after the last one to show you have not listed all relevant things that are possible.

Answer 5

Xや Yや Zなど

私の本屋の中にハリーポッターやハムレットやフランケンシュタインなどがあります。