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Bio 100 > Lecture Exam 2 (Final Exam) > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 (Final Exam) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The specific step in Aerobic Cellular Respiration that produces the most ATP molecules for each glucose molecule that enters the process is ________

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation

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2
Q

Electron microscopy achieves far superior resolution (ability to distinguish two points) and magnification that compound light microscopy primarily due to:

A

the source of illumination - stream of electrons verus white light

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3
Q

The active site is known to be located on this molecule:

A

Enzyme

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4
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is the location in the cell where ﹍﹍ are first assembled:

A

Proteins

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5
Q

The movement of individual solute molecules from regions of lower to higher solute concentrations that also required the use of ATP is known as:

A

Active Transport

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6
Q

In Aerobic Cellular Respiration, which molecule transfers electrons from the Glycolysis and Krebs Cycles to the electron transport system or the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?

A

NADH

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7
Q

In what cellular organelle does the Krebs Cycle take place?

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

What is the main component of the ceullar membrane, containing both hydropholic and hydrophic regions?

A

Phospholipid

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9
Q

What are co-factors?

A

individual ions that bind to enzymes to stablize the structure

example: zinc atom

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10
Q

What are co-enzymes?

A

large, organic molecules that bind to enzymes and serve as carriers to electrons

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11
Q

What is the membrane protein that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP?

A

ATP Synthase

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12
Q

What is ATP Synthase?

A

The membrane protein that cataylyzes the phosphorlyation of ADP

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13
Q

True or False

Simple or Passive Diffusion requires the expenditure of ATP

A

False

Passive Diffustion does not require the expenditure of ATP.

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14
Q

True or False

Cilia and flagellum are internally constructed of microtuble protein pairs arranged in a characteristic “9+0” pattern.

A

False

Cilia and flageela are externally constructed of microtuble protein pairs arranged in a characteristic 9+2 pattern.

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15
Q

True or False

The structure of the cell membrane has been described as a “fluid-mosaic model” in which the phospholic bi-layer with a fatty, flexible protperty is interspersed with proteins.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False

Enzymes are known to be consumed and thus are altered in a chemical reacation.

A

False

Enzymes are never consumed or altered

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17
Q

True or False

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that one usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form.

A

False

The 1st Law of Thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed

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18
Q

True or False

Cristae is the term used to describe the extensive folding of the inner membrane in the mitochondria.

A

True

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19
Q

Fill in the blanks

Glycolysis is a process that breaks down Glucose moleucles into ﹍﹍ molecules and produces a net gain of ﹍﹍ ATP for each glucose molecule that enters the process

A

Pyruvate, 2

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20
Q

What cellular respiration waste produce do yeasts or microorganisms generate during anaerobic respiration conditions?

A

Ethanol

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21
Q

Fill in the blank

Lysosomes are known to perform ﹍﹍ functions within the cell.

A

digestive/defensive

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22
Q

The cell’s genetic infomation is contained in the:

A

nucleus

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23
Q

True or False

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins can fuel Cellular Respiration when they are converted to molecules that enter Glycolysis or the Krebs Cycle.

A

True

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24
Q

True or False

Skeletal Muscels are the only tissue in the body that can tolerate anaerobic respiration

A

True

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25
Q

True or False

Osmosis is defined as the movement of water form a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

A

True

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26
Q

True or False

The hydrophobic core of the plasma cell membrane is known to restrict the passage of polar or hydrophilic molecules

A

True

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27
Q

What cellular component can be found at the base of each flagellum or cilia?

A

Basal Bodies

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28
Q

For Photosynthesis, what molecules are produced by the Light Dependent reactions?

A

ATP, NADPH, and O₂

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29
Q

Insulin is a protein produced by cells located in the pancrease. What is the correct Secretory Pathway for the synthesis and secretion of Insulin?

A

Rough ER –> transport vesicle –> Golgi Apparatus –> Secretory Vesicles

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30
Q

Finish the sentence

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration breaks down glucose for energy…

A

…in the absence of oxygen

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31
Q

The work or energy required in a cellular reaction, to move substrates closer together or what can be defined as the amount of energy that reactants must absorb in order to initiate a chemical reaction (allowing it to proceed) is called:

A

Activation energy

the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to take place

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32
Q

Finish the sentence

During passive diffusion, sodium chloride (as the solute) moves from a region of…

A

high concentration of sodium chloride to a region of low concentration of sodium chloride

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33
Q

True or False

Microfilaments are known to play a key role in muscle cell movement.

A

True

34
Q

True or False

Cellular reactions could not proceed fast enough to sustain life if they depended on the heat enrgy alone of an organism.

A

True

35
Q

This cellular organelle or structure serves as the 2nd stop in the packaging and processing of the cell’s protein product and is composed of an inner and outer face.

A

Golgi

36
Q

The only Biologically Important Molecule (BIM) group that cannot be used in the nutritional pathway of Aerobic Cellular Respiration is:

A

Nucleic Acids

too busy being out DNA

37
Q

What compont of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) discovered in Animal Cells, is known to allow molecules to move through protein-lined pores between neighboring cells to provide a communication channel?

A

Gap Junctions

38
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

Cell eating

39
Q

What is the term used to refer to cell eating?

A

Phagocytosis

40
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

cell drinking

41
Q

What term is used to refer to cell drinking?

A

Pinocytosis

42
Q

What are the main points of Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. New cells arise from pre-existing cells
  3. THe cell is the smallest living this that is capable of the characteristics of life
43
Q

What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis?

A

H₂O + CO₂ + ATP –Sunlight–> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

44
Q

What is this chemical equation for?

H₂O + CO₂ + ATP –Sunlight–> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

A

Photosynthesis

45
Q

In terms of enzyme performance, why is it dangerous for humans to run a fever of 106 F?

A

Enzymes, being proteins, are senative to changes in temperature. When our temperature rises, the enzymes will begin to de-nature, or unravel. While de-natured, the protein cannot properally function.

46
Q

Finish the sentence

Being organized is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

47
Q

Finish the Sentence

Responding to stimuli is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

48
Q

Finish the Sentence

Reproducing is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

49
Q

Finish the sentence

Growing and developing is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

50
Q

Finish the sentence

Regulation, or being homeostatic, is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

51
Q

Finish the sentence

Adapting to the environment, or evolution, is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

52
Q
A
52
Q

Finish the sentence

Being able to process energy is a…

A

Characteristic of Life

53
Q

What are the Characteristics of Life?

A
  1. Organized
  2. Respond to stimuli
  3. Reproduce
  4. Grow and Develop
  5. Regulation, organisms are homeostatic
  6. Adapt to the environment (evolution)
  7. Energy Processing
54
Q

What membrance protein is critical for immune system function?

A

Cell Recognition protein

55
Q

What does the Cell Recognition membrane protein do?

A

critical for immune system function

56
Q

What membrane protein allows for the proper flow of selected nutrients in and wastes out of the cell?

A

Channel protein

57
Q

What does the Channel membrane protein do?

A

allow for the proper flow fo selected nutrients in and wastes out of the cell

58
Q

What membrane protein helps certain molecules enter the cell?

A

Carrier protein

59
Q

What does the Carrier membrane protein do?

A

help certian molecules enter the cell.

60
Q

What membrane protein serves to bind hormones to latch onto and influence cell metabolism and development?

A

Receptor protein

61
Q

What does the receptor cell membrane protein do?

A

serves to bind hormones to latch onto and influence cell metabolism and development

62
Q

What membrane protein assists in the normal metabolic processes of the cell?

A

Enzymatic protein

63
Q

What does the Enzymatic cell membrane protein do?

A

assist in the normal metabolic processes of the cell

64
Q

An enzyme can lower the Activation Energy of a chemical reaction by…

A
  1. moving the substrates closer together
  2. Aligning the substrates in correct geometric orientation for the reaction
  3. Promoting acid-base reactions ebtween side chains of reactants
  4. removing H₂O molecules form interfering with the reaction
65
Q

Finish the sentence

Diffusion and osmois occur in…

A

…opposite directions

66
Q

Fill in the blank

Water always flows towards the ﹍﹍ environment.

A

hypertonic

67
Q

What is a non-competitive enzyme inhibitor?

A

A competitor molecule that binds to a location on the other than the active site.

68
Q

How does a non-competitive enzyme inhibitor affect enzyme activity?

A

It will slow down the reaction, not necessarily stop the reaction.

69
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

tend to be found in bacteria and algae

A

prokaryotic

70
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

tend to be unicellular

A

Prokarytoic

71
Q
A
72
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

lacks a nuclear membrane

A

Prokarytoic

73
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

have single, circular DNA

A

Prokaryotic

74
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

Lack most discrete organelles

A

Prokaryotic

75
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

Is considered to be simple

A

Prokaryotic

76
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

tend to be found in animals

A

Eukaryotic

77
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

tend to be multicellular

A

Eukaryotic

78
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

Have a nuclear membrane

A

Eukaryoic

79
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

have double stranded DNA

A

Eukaryotic

80
Q

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic cell

Considered to be complex

A

Eukaryotic

81
Q

The rate of passive diffustion depends on…

(list)

A
  1. size of molecule
  2. shape of molecule
  3. chargeof molecule
  4. concentration difference
  5. nature of biological barrier
  6. kinetic energy (temperature) of molecules

Bio 100 (19 decks)

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