Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 100 > Chapter 5 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 (Exam 2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the job of the plasma membrane?

A

regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the job of the cell recognition membrane protein?

A

identity what can and cannot enter the cell; critical for immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the membrane protein that identifies what can and cannot enter the cell?

A

the cell recognition membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the job of the channel membrane proteins?

A

allows for the proper flow of selected nutrients in and wastes out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What membrane protein allows for the proper flow of selected nutrients in and wastes out of the cell?

A

the channel membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the job of the carrier membrane proteins?

A

helps certain molecules enter the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What membrane protein helps certain molecules enter the cell?

A

the carrier membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the job of the receptor membrane protein?

A

helps signaling molecules (hormones) latch onto and influence the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What membrane protein helps signaling molecules latch onto and influence the cell?

A

the receptor membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the job of the enzymatic membrane proteins?

A

assists in the normal metabolic processes of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What membrane protein assists in the normal metabolic processes of the cell?

A

the enzymatic membrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?

A

Used to describe the cell membrane; is has a fluid texture and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does selectively / semi-permeable mean?

A

Allows only certain things in/out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of movement across the cell membrane requires no energy?

A

Passive Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of movement across the cell membrane is going down hill?

A

Passive Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of movement across the cell membrane requires energy and a carrier protein?

A

Active Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of a solute across the membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the movement of a solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion that requires a carrier for small sugars (glucose), amino acids and similar-sized molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the movement of water across the membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Water always flows into the _____ environment.

A

hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diffusion and osmosis occur in _____ directions

A

opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the process for large/bulk quantities of molecules entering the cell?

A

Endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the process for moving large/bulk quantities of molecules out of the cell?

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

the process allowing for large/bulk quantities of molecules into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

the process allowing for large/bulk quantities of molecules out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does endocytosis use for its process?

A

vesicle entry or sac formation

28
Q

What does exocytosis use for its process?

A

vesicule or sac fusion

29
Q

What does it mean for a solute to be hypertonic?

A

more concentrated

30
Q

What does it mean for a solute to be hypotonic?

A

less concentrated

31
Q

What does it mean for a solute to be isotonic?

A

same concentration

32
Q

What is Osmotic Pressure?

A

the pressure exerted by the number of solute molecules present in a solution

33
Q

What is the pressure exerted by the number of solute molecules present in a solution called?

A

osmotic pressure

34
Q

What is energy?

A

the capacity to do work

35
Q

What is metabolism?

A

the sum total of all reactions needed to carry on cellular functions

36
Q

What is the sum total of all reactions needed to carry on cellular functions called?

A

metabolism

37
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

38
Q

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

A

the transfer of energy from one form to another form is never 100% efficient. Some energy is always lost as heat

39
Q

What is the most immediate source of energy in the cell?

A

ATP

40
Q

What is the job of enzymes?

A

speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or having changed its identity or structure

41
Q

What type of a protein is an enzyme?

A

a globular protein

42
Q

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

A

by lowering the activation energy required

43
Q

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by moving the substrates _____.

A

closer together

44
Q

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by aligning the substates in the _____.

A

correct orientation

45
Q

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by promoting _____ reactions between side chains of reactants.

A

acid-base

46
Q

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by removing _____ molecules from interfering with the reaction

A

H₂O

47
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

where the substrate that binds to latches on to

48
Q

What is the location where a substrates latches onto a enzyme called?

A

the active site

49
Q

Enzymes function as a _____.

A

biological catalyst

50
Q

What is the reactant in the chemical reaction that an enzyme is speeding up called?

A

a substrate

51
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The reactant in the chemical reaction that an enzyme is speeding up

52
Q

What is the induced-fit mechanism?

A

The process of the push and shove needed to fit in the enzyme active spot, not perfect

53
Q

What is activation energy?

A

the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur

54
Q

Changes in pH can _____ impact enzyme performance

A

negatively

55
Q

Changes in temperature can _____ impact enzyme performance

A

negatively

56
Q

Changes in salt concentration can _____ impact enzyme performance

A

negatively

57
Q

What are prosthetic groups?

A

tightly bound, non-protein molecules that assist enzymes

58
Q

What are the groups of molecules that assist enzymes called?

A

prosthetic groups

59
Q

What are ribozymes?

A

a prosthetic group, RNA molecules that functions as enzymes

60
Q

What prosthetic group is RNA molecules that function as enzymes?

A

ribozymes

61
Q

What are co-factors?

A

a prosthetic group; individual ions that stabilize the structure of enzymes

62
Q

What prosthetic group are individual ions that bind to enzymes to stabilze the structure?

A

co-factors

63
Q

What are co-factors?

A

individual ions that bind to enzymes to stabilize the structure

64
Q

What prosthetic group are large organic molecules that bind to enzymes and serve as carriers to electron?

A

co-enzyme

65
Q

What is competitive inhibition?

A

a molecule that closely resembles the substrate takes it place in the active site

66
Q

What is non-competitive inhibition?

A

competitor molecule binding to a location on the enzyme other than the active site

Bio 100 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions