Chapter 5 (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is the job of the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

Question 2

What is the job of the cell recognition membrane protein?

Answer 2

identity what can and cannot enter the cell; critical for immune system

Question 3

What is the membrane protein that identifies what can and cannot enter the cell?

Answer 3

the cell recognition membrane protein

Question 4

What is the job of the channel membrane proteins?

Answer 4

allows for the proper flow of selected nutrients in and wastes out of the cell

Question 5

What membrane protein allows for the proper flow of selected nutrients in and wastes out of the cell?

Answer 5

the channel membrane protein

Question 6

What is the job of the carrier membrane proteins?

Answer 6

helps certain molecules enter the cell

Question 7

What membrane protein helps certain molecules enter the cell?

Answer 7

the carrier membrane protein

Question 8

What is the job of the receptor membrane protein?

Answer 8

helps signaling molecules (hormones) latch onto and influence the cell

Question 9

What membrane protein helps signaling molecules latch onto and influence the cell?

Answer 9

the receptor membrane protein

Question 10

What is the job of the enzymatic membrane proteins?

Answer 10

assists in the normal metabolic processes of the cell

Question 11

What membrane protein assists in the normal metabolic processes of the cell?

Answer 11

the enzymatic membrane protein

Question 12

What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Answer 12

Used to describe the cell membrane; is has a fluid texture and movement

Question 13

What does selectively / semi-permeable mean?

Answer 13

Allows only certain things in/out

Question 14

What type of movement across the cell membrane requires no energy?

Answer 14

Passive Movement

Question 15

What type of movement across the cell membrane is going down hill?

Answer 15

Passive Movement

Question 16

What type of movement across the cell membrane requires energy and a carrier protein?

Answer 16

Active Movement

Question 17

What is diffusion?

Answer 17

the movement of a solute across the membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 18

What is the movement of a solute from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration?

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 19

diffusion that requires a carrier for small sugars (glucose), amino acids and similar-sized molecules

Question 20

What is osmosis?

Answer 20

the movement of water across the membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

Question 21

Water always flows into the _____ environment.

Answer 21

hypertonic

Question 22

Diffusion and osmosis occur in _____ directions

Answer 22

opposite

Question 23

What is the process for large/bulk quantities of molecules entering the cell?

Answer 23

Endocytosis

Question 24

What is the process for moving large/bulk quantities of molecules out of the cell?

Answer 24

Exocytosis

Question 25

What is endocytosis?

Answer 25

the process allowing for large/bulk quantities of molecules into the cell

Question 26

What is exocytosis?

Answer 26

the process allowing for large/bulk quantities of molecules out of the cell

Question 27

What does endocytosis use for its process?

Answer 27

vesicle entry or sac formation

Question 28

What does exocytosis use for its process?

Answer 28

vesicule or sac fusion

Question 29

What does it mean for a solute to be hypertonic?

Answer 29

more concentrated

Question 30

What does it mean for a solute to be hypotonic?

Answer 30

less concentrated

Question 31

What does it mean for a solute to be isotonic?

Answer 31

same concentration

Question 32

What is Osmotic Pressure?

Answer 32

the pressure exerted by the number of solute molecules present in a solution

Question 33

What is the pressure exerted by the number of solute molecules present in a solution called?

Answer 33

osmotic pressure

Question 34

What is energy?

Answer 34

the capacity to do work

Question 35

What is metabolism?

Answer 35

the sum total of all reactions needed to carry on cellular functions

Question 36

What is the sum total of all reactions needed to carry on cellular functions called?

Answer 36

metabolism

Question 37

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 37

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

Question 38

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

Answer 38

the transfer of energy from one form to another form is never 100% efficient. Some energy is always lost as heat

Question 39

What is the most immediate source of energy in the cell?

Answer 39

ATP

Question 40

What is the job of enzymes?

Answer 40

speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or having changed its identity or structure

Question 41

What type of a protein is an enzyme?

Answer 41

a globular protein

Question 42

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 42

by lowering the activation energy required

Question 43

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by moving the substrates _____.

Answer 43

closer together

Question 44

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by aligning the substates in the _____.

Answer 44

correct orientation

Question 45

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by promoting _____ reactions between side chains of reactants.

Answer 45

acid-base

Question 46

One way enzymes can lower the activation energy is by removing _____ molecules from interfering with the reaction

Answer 46

H₂O

Question 47

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 47

where the substrate that binds to latches on to

Question 48

What is the location where a substrates latches onto a enzyme called?

Answer 48

the active site

Question 49

Enzymes function as a _____.

Answer 49

biological catalyst

Question 50

What is the reactant in the chemical reaction that an enzyme is speeding up called?

Answer 50

a substrate

Question 51

What is a substrate?

Answer 51

The reactant in the chemical reaction that an enzyme is speeding up

Question 52

What is the induced-fit mechanism?

Answer 52

The process of the push and shove needed to fit in the enzyme active spot, not perfect

Question 53

What is activation energy?

Answer 53

the amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur

Question 54

Changes in pH can _____ impact enzyme performance

Answer 54

negatively

Question 55

Changes in temperature can _____ impact enzyme performance

Answer 55

negatively

Question 56

Changes in salt concentration can _____ impact enzyme performance

Answer 56

negatively

Question 57

What are prosthetic groups?

Answer 57

tightly bound, non-protein molecules that assist enzymes

Question 58

What are the groups of molecules that assist enzymes called?

Answer 58

prosthetic groups

Question 59

What are ribozymes?

Answer 59

a prosthetic group, RNA molecules that functions as enzymes

Question 60

What prosthetic group is RNA molecules that function as enzymes?

Answer 60

ribozymes

Question 61

What are co-factors?

Answer 61

a prosthetic group; individual ions that stabilize the structure of enzymes

Question 62

What prosthetic group are individual ions that bind to enzymes to stabilze the structure?

Answer 62

co-factors

Question 63

What are co-factors?

Answer 63

individual ions that bind to enzymes to stabilize the structure

Question 64

What prosthetic group are large organic molecules that bind to enzymes and serve as carriers to electron?

Answer 64

co-enzyme

Question 65

What is competitive inhibition?

Answer 65

a molecule that closely resembles the substrate takes it place in the active site

Question 66

What is non-competitive inhibition?

Answer 66

competitor molecule binding to a location on the enzyme other than the active site