Chapter 9 (Exam 3)

Question 1

How did Gregor Mendel become to the Father of Genetics

Answer 1

discovered the some genes and alleles are always expressed for each trait while working with pea plants

Question 2

What is the Law of Segregation?

Answer 2

diploid organisms have a pair of alleles for each trait, each mature gamete carrying one allele per trait

Question 3

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 3

all possible combinations of alleles can occur in gametes during meiosis due to the random arrangement of homologous pairs during Metaphase I

Question 4

Who discovered the Law of Segregation and how?

Answer 4

Gregor Mendel via breeding pea plants

Question 5

Who discovered the Law of Independent Assortment and how?

Answer 5

Gregor Mendel via breeding pea plants

Question 6

What is a trait?

Answer 6

a genetically determined characteristic or condition

Question 7

What is a genetically characteristic or condition called?

Answer 7

a trait

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

the sequence of DNA that encodes a protein

Question 9

What is the sequence of DNA that encodes a protein called?

Answer 9

a gene

Question 10

What is an allele?

Answer 10

the different forms of a gene

Question 11

What are the different forms of a gene called?

Answer 11

an allele

Question 12

What is dominance?

Answer 12

an allele that masks the expression of another allele / an allele that produces the same phenotypic effect

Question 13

What is an allele that mask the expression of another allele / an allele that produces the same phenotypic effect called?

Answer 13

dominance

Question 14

What is recessive?

Answer 14

an allele who expression is suppressed if a single dominant allele is present / an allele whose expression is suppressed by any other allele

Question 15

What is an allele who expression is suppressed if a single dominant allele is present / an allele whose expression is suppressed by any other allele called?

Answer 15

recessive

Question 16

What is a genotype?

Answer 16

alleles inherited for a given gene or trait

Question 17

What term is used to refer to the alleles inherited for a given gene or trait?

Answer 17

genotype

Question 18

DD = dark hair
Dd = dark hair
dd = light hair
What is this an example of?

Answer 18

genotype

Question 19

What is a phenotype?

Answer 19

the physical expression / outward appearance of a gene or trait

Question 20

What is the physical expression / outward appearance of a gene or trait called?

Answer 20

Phenotype

Question 21

When is a dominant phenotype expressed?

Answer 21

when any dominant allele is present in the genotype

Question 22

When is a recessive phenotype expressed?

Answer 22

when both recessive alleles are present in the genotype

Question 23

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 23

possessing identical alleles for a given gene

Question 24

What is it called when processing identical alleles for a given gene?

Answer 24

homozygous

Question 25

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 25

processing different alleles for a given gene

Question 26

DD would be ___ (homozygous or heterozygous)

Answer 26

homozygous

Question 27

Dd would be ___ (homozygous or heterozygous)

Answer 27

heterozygous

Question 28

dd would be ___ (homozygous or heterozygous)

Answer 28

homozygous

Question 29

What is the method used to estimate genotypic ratios from simple genetic crosses?

Answer 29

Punnett Square

Question 30

What is a Punnett Square?

Answer 30

a method used to estimate genotypic rations from simple genetic crosses

Question 31

What assumption does Punnett Squares make?

Answer 31

all possible sperm have an equal chance to fertilize all possible egg cells

Question 32

What is used to construct a pattern of inheritance of one trait in a group

Answer 32

pedigrees charts

Question 33

What are pedigree charts used for?

Answer 33

constructing a pattern of inheritance of one trait in a group

Question 34

What are autosomal recessive genetic disorders?

Answer 34

disorders affecting autosomes in recessive genotypes

Question 35

Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 35

autosome recessive genetic disorder

Question 36

Tay-Sachs is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 36

autosomal recessive genetic disorder

Question 37

Phenylketonura (PKU) is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 37

recessive

Question 38

What are autosomal dominant genetic disorders?

Answer 38

disorders affecting non-sex chromosomes (autosomes) in dominant genotypes

Question 39

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 39

autosome dominant genetic disorder

Question 40

Hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 40

autosomal dominant genetic disorder

Question 41

Huntington's Disease is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 41

autosomal dominant genetic disorder

Question 42

Achondroplasia is an autosomal ___ genetic disorder (dominant or recessive)

Answer 42

autosomal dominant genetic disorder

Question 43

What is Mendelian Inheritance?

Answer 43

traits whose expression is determined by one gene or pair of alleles

Question 44

What is polygenic inheritance

Answer 44

determined by three pairs of alleles with a continuous degree of trait expression with in-between stages

Question 45

What inheritance is determined by three pairs of alleles with a continuous degree of trait expression with in-between stages?

Answer 45

polygenic inheritance

Question 46

What is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Answer 46

skin color

Question 47

What type of inheritance is skin color an example of?

Answer 47

polygenic inheritance

Question 48

What is co-dominance / multiple allele?

Answer 48

more than one allele controls the expression of the recessive allele

Question 49

What is it called when more than one allele controls the expression of the recessive allele?

Answer 49

co-dominance / multiple alleles

Question 50

What is an example of co-dominance / multiple alleles?

Answer 50

Human Blood Types

Question 51

What is pleiotrophy?

Answer 51

a single gene influences multiple characteristics

Question 52

What is it called when a single gene influences multiple characteristics?

Answer 52

pleiotrophy

Question 53

What is an example of pleiotrophy?

Answer 53

sickle cell disease

Question 54

What is intermediate expression?

Answer 54

a heterozygote displays a phenotype that is intermediate/ blended (compared to the dominant or recessive forms)

Question 55

What is it called when a heterozygote displays a phenotype that is intermediate or blended?

Answer 55

intermediate expression

Question 56

What is an example of Intermediate expression?

Answer 56

color in snapdragons