Chapter 6 (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is the space between the double membrane of the mitochondria called?

Answer 1

intermembrane space

Question 2

What is intermembrane space?

Answer 2

The space between the double membrane of the mitochondria

Question 3

What are cristae?

Answer 3

structures created by the extensive folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 4

What are the structures created by the extensive folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?

Answer 4

cristae

Question 5

What is the matrix of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

fluid-filled interior space

Question 6

What is the fluid-filled interior space of the mitochondria called?

Answer 6

the matrix

Question 7

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 7

Convert one form of chemical energy to another form of chemical energy

Question 8

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 8

in the mitochondria

Question 9

What is another name for cellular respiration?

Answer 9

Glucose Metabolism

Question 10

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 10

a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the original substrate is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen to produce CO₂ & H₂O and 36-38 ATP molecules

Question 11

What is the name for the series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the original substrate is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen to produce CO₂ & H₂O and 36-38 ATP molecules?

Answer 11

aerobic cellular respiration

Question 12

What is the name of this chemical equation? C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ ====> ATP + CO₂ + H₂O + Heat

Answer 12

aerobic cellular respiration

Question 13

What is the chemical equation of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 13

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ ====> ATP + CO₂ + H₂O + Heat

Question 14

What is the first step of aerobic cellular respiraton?

Answer 14

glycolysis

Question 15

What happens during glycolysis?

Answer 15

Pyruvate is made

Question 16

Where does the glycolysis process occur?

Answer 16

in the cytoplasm

Question 17

Does the glycolysis process require oxygen?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What is the second step of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 18

Transition Rection / Pyruvate Oxidation

Question 19

What happens during the transition reaction / pyruvate oxidation process?

Answer 19

pyruvate is broken down into Acetyl Co-A

Question 20

Where does the transition reaction / pyruvate oxidation process occur?

Answer 20

in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 21

What is the third step of aerobic cellular respiraton?

Answer 21

the Krebs cycle

Question 22

Is ATP generated during the transition reaction / pyruvate oxidation process? If so, how much?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 23

Acetyl Co-A molecules become CO₂

Question 24

Is ATP generated during glycolysis? If so, how much?

Answer 24

Yes; 2 ATP

Question 25

Is ATP generated during the Krebs cycle? If so, how much?

Answer 25

Yes; 2 ATP

Question 26

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 26

in the matrix of the mitochondria

Question 27

What is the fourth step of aerobic cellular respiraton?

Answer 27

the Electron Transport System / aka Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 28

What happens during the electron transport system process?

Answer 28

the maintaining the reservoir of protons and electrons that have been deposited into the intermembrane space

Question 29

Where is the electron transport system?

Answer 29

in the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 30

Is ATP generated in the electron transport system? If so, how much?

Answer 30

Yes; 32-34 ATP

Question 31

What step of aerobic cellular respiration creates the most ATP?

Answer 31

the electrons transport system

Question 32

What is the Chemiosmotic Theory of ATP Synthesis?

Answer 32

the excess of hydrogen atoms results in a diffusion through the ATP synthase membrane complex, energizing ADP and PO₄ to be able to make ATP

Question 33

What is the inefficient breakdown of glucose called?

Answer 33

anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

Question 34

What is anaerobic respiration (fermentation)?

Answer 34

the inefficient breakdown of glucose

Question 35

How much NET ATP is generated in aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 35

34-38 ATP

Question 36

How much NET ATP is generated in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 36

2 ATP

Question 37

What is the first step of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 37

glycolysis

Question 38

What is the second step of anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 38

lactate fermentation

Question 39

What is produced in lactate fermentation?

Answer 39

C₂H₄COOH (Lactic Acid)

Question 40

What is the second step in anaerobic respiration in microbes?

Answer 40

alcoholic fermentation

Question 41

What is produced in alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 41

C₂H₅OH + CO₂ (Ethanol)

Question 42

What is the nutritional pathway for carbohydrates?

Answer 42

polysaccharides -> monosaccharides -> glycolysis

Question 43

What is the nutritional pathway for fats?

Answer 43

fats/triglycerides -> fatty acids + glycose -> glycolysis

Question 44

What is the nutritional pathway for proteins?

Answer 44

proteins -> Animo acids -> glycolysis (NH₃ leftover)

Question 45

What molecule is used to generate the most energy?

Answer 45

carbohydrates

Question 46

What tissue in the body can withstand anaerobic respiration?

Answer 46

Skeletal muscle