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Bio 100 > Chapter 6 (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (Exam 2) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the space between the double membrane of the mitochondria called?

A

intermembrane space

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2
Q

What is intermembrane space?

A

The space between the double membrane of the mitochondria

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3
Q

What are cristae?

A

structures created by the extensive folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

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4
Q

What are the structures created by the extensive folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?

A

cristae

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5
Q

What is the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

fluid-filled interior space

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6
Q

What is the fluid-filled interior space of the mitochondria called?

A

the matrix

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7
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Convert one form of chemical energy to another form of chemical energy

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8
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

in the mitochondria

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9
Q

What is another name for cellular respiration?

A

Glucose Metabolism

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10
Q

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

A

a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the original substrate is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen to produce CO₂ & H₂O and 36-38 ATP molecules

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11
Q

What is the name for the series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions where the original substrate is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen to produce CO₂ & H₂O and 36-38 ATP molecules?

A

aerobic cellular respiration

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12
Q

What is the name of this chemical equation? C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ ====> ATP + CO₂ + H₂O + Heat

A

aerobic cellular respiration

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13
Q

What is the chemical equation of aerobic cellular respiration?

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ ====> ATP + CO₂ + H₂O + Heat

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14
Q

What is the first step of aerobic cellular respiraton?

A

glycolysis

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15
Q

What happens during glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate is made

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16
Q

Where does the glycolysis process occur?

A

in the cytoplasm

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17
Q

Does the glycolysis process require oxygen?

A

No

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18
Q

What is the second step of aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Transition Rection / Pyruvate Oxidation

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19
Q

What happens during the transition reaction / pyruvate oxidation process?

A

pyruvate is broken down into Acetyl Co-A

20
Q

Where does the transition reaction / pyruvate oxidation process occur?

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

21
Q

What is the third step of aerobic cellular respiraton?

A

the Krebs cycle

22
Q

Is ATP generated during the transition reaction / pyruvate oxidation process? If so, how much?

A

No

23
Q

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl Co-A molecules become CO₂

24
Q

Is ATP generated during glycolysis? If so, how much?

A

Yes; 2 ATP

25
Q

Is ATP generated during the Krebs cycle? If so, how much?

A

Yes; 2 ATP

26
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

27
Q

What is the fourth step of aerobic cellular respiraton?

A

the Electron Transport System / aka Oxidative Phosphorylation

28
Q

What happens during the electron transport system process?

A

the maintaining the reservoir of protons and electrons that have been deposited into the intermembrane space

29
Q

Where is the electron transport system?

A

in the cristae of the mitochondria

30
Q

Is ATP generated in the electron transport system? If so, how much?

A

Yes; 32-34 ATP

31
Q

What step of aerobic cellular respiration creates the most ATP?

A

the electrons transport system

32
Q

What is the Chemiosmotic Theory of ATP Synthesis?

A

the excess of hydrogen atoms results in a diffusion through the ATP synthase membrane complex, energizing ADP and PO₄ to be able to make ATP

33
Q

What is the inefficient breakdown of glucose called?

A

anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

34
Q

What is anaerobic respiration (fermentation)?

A

the inefficient breakdown of glucose

35
Q

How much NET ATP is generated in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

34-38 ATP

36
Q

How much NET ATP is generated in anaerobic respiration?

A

2 ATP

37
Q

What is the first step of anaerobic respiration?

A

glycolysis

38
Q

What is the second step of anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

lactate fermentation

39
Q

What is produced in lactate fermentation?

A

C₂H₄COOH (Lactic Acid)

40
Q

What is the second step in anaerobic respiration in microbes?

A

alcoholic fermentation

41
Q

What is produced in alcoholic fermentation?

A

C₂H₅OH + CO₂ (Ethanol)

42
Q

What is the nutritional pathway for carbohydrates?

A

polysaccharides -> monosaccharides -> glycolysis

43
Q

What is the nutritional pathway for fats?

A

fats/triglycerides -> fatty acids + glycose -> glycolysis

44
Q

What is the nutritional pathway for proteins?

A

proteins -> Animo acids -> glycolysis (NH₃ leftover)

45
Q

What molecule is used to generate the most energy?

A

carbohydrates

46
Q

What tissue in the body can withstand anaerobic respiration?

A

Skeletal muscle

Bio 100 (19 decks)

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