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Bio 100 > Chapter 8 (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

cells with one of each type of chromosome (N)

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2
Q

What is a cell with one of each type of chromosome called?

A

Haploid (N)

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3
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

a cell with two of each type of chromosome

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4
Q

What is a cell with two of each type of chromosome called?

A

Diploid

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5
Q

What is a gamete?

A

sperm and egg cells

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6
Q

What is the general term used to refer to sperm and egg cells?

A

Gamete

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7
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

The majority of cells in the body (excluding egg and sperm cells)

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8
Q

What term is used to refer to the majority of cells in the body?

A

Somatic cells

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9
Q

What are germ cells?

A

gametes

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10
Q

What is the centromere of a chromosome?

A

the middle area where spindle fibers connect

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11
Q

What is the location where spindle fibers connect to a chromosome called?

A

the centromere

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12
Q

What are chromatin?

A

diffuse, stringy, unwound, DNA

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13
Q

What is the stringy, unwound DNA found in the nucleus called?

A

Chromatin

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14
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

large, visible, rod-like, complex structure of the highly coiled DNA

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15
Q

What are the large, rod-like, highly coiled DNA called?

A

Chromsomes

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16
Q

What are autosomes chromosomes?

A

chromosomes 1-22, not connected to sex

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17
Q

Most chromosomes are ___.

A

autosomes

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18
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

the chromosomes that determine sex, the X and Y chromosomes

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19
Q

What are the X and Y chromosomes called?

A

sex chromosomes

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20
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

haploid

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21
Q

Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?

A

diploid

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22
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

the matching pair of chromosomes formed when one is replicated

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23
Q

What is the matching pair of chromosomes called?

A

homologous pair

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24
Q

What is karyotype?

A

a photomicrograph and analysis of an entire set of chromosomes

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25
What is Mitosis?
the replication of cells used for repair
26
2N (diploid) parent cells ==> 2N (diploid) daughter cells
Mitosis
27
What is the 1st stage of Mitosis?
Interphase (G1, S, and G2)
28
What is the 2nd stage of Mitosis?
Prophase
29
What is the 3rd stage of Mitosis
Metaphase
30
What is the 4th stage of Mitosis?
Anaphase
31
What is the 5th stage of Mitosis?
Telophase
32
What happens during Interphase G1?
growth in cell size
33
What happens during Interphase S?
DNA replication
34
What happens during Interphase G2?
organelle duplication
35
What is Meiosis?
the process of cell division for sexual reproduction and reduction division
36
What is Mitosis used for in the cell?
replication and repair
37
What is Meiosis used for in the cell?
sexual reproduction and reduction division
38
2N (diploid) parent cells ==> N (haploid) daughter cells
Meiosis
39
What happens during Meiosis I?
crossing-over and separation of homologous chromosome pairs
40
What is synapsis?
when homologous chromosomes pair up
41
What is it called when homologous chromosomes pair up?
synapsis
42
What are the four-strand structures of paired up homologous chromosomes called?
tetrads
43
What are tetrads?
four-strand structures of paired up homologous chromosomes
44
What is independent assortment?
the random lining up of tetrads in Meiosis
45
What happens during Meiosis II?
the sister strands are separated
46
What cell division process occurs in both somatic cells and gametes? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Mitosis
47
What cell division process occurs in gametes only? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
48
What cell division process produces diploid daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Mitosis
49
What cell division process produces haploid daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
50
What cell division process requires one cycle/division? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Mitosis
51
What cell division process required two cycles/divisions (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
52
What cell division process produces two daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Mitosis
53
What cell division process produces four daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
54
What cell division process's daughter cells are genetically identical from the parent cell and each other? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Mitosis
55
What cell division process's daughter cells are genetically unique from the parent cell and each other? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
56
What cell division process has an exchange of genetic material? (Mitosis or Meiosis)
Meiosis
57
What does IPMAT stand for?
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
58
No two gametes...
are the same
59
In what phase do chromosome line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
60
In what phase do spindle fibers form?
Prophase
61
In what phase does the nuclear membrane dissolve?
Prophase
62
In what phase are two nuclei formed?
Telophase
63
In what phase do chromatids separate?
Anaphase
64
In what phase do chromosomes unwind into chromatin?
Telophase
65
In what phase is DNA replicated?
Interphase S
66
In what phase does the cell grow?
Interphase G1
67
In what phase are the cell's organelles replicated?
Interphase G2
68
What phase comes after cytokinesis?
Interphase G1
69
In what phase does chromatin condense into chromosomes?
Prophase
70
In what phase do tetrads form?
Prophase I
71
In what phase are two haploid cells formed?
Telophase I
72
In what phase does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
73
In what phase are four haploid cells formed?
Telophase II
74
In what phase does Independent Assortment Occur?
Metaphase I & Metaphase II
75
In what phase do tetrads separate?
Anaphase I

Bio 100 (19 decks)

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