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Bio 100 > Chapter 8 (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Exam 3) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

cells with one of each type of chromosome (N)

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2
Q

What is a cell with one of each type of chromosome called?

A

Haploid (N)

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3
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

a cell with two of each type of chromosome

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4
Q

What is a cell with two of each type of chromosome called?

A

Diploid

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5
Q

What is a gamete?

A

sperm and egg cells

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6
Q

What is the general term used to refer to sperm and egg cells?

A

Gamete

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7
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

The majority of cells in the body (excluding egg and sperm cells)

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8
Q

What term is used to refer to the majority of cells in the body?

A

Somatic cells

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9
Q

What are germ cells?

A

gametes

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10
Q

What is the centromere of a chromosome?

A

the middle area where spindle fibers connect

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11
Q

What is the location where spindle fibers connect to a chromosome called?

A

the centromere

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12
Q

What are chromatin?

A

diffuse, stringy, unwound, DNA

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13
Q

What is the stringy, unwound DNA found in the nucleus called?

A

Chromatin

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14
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

large, visible, rod-like, complex structure of the highly coiled DNA

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15
Q

What are the large, rod-like, highly coiled DNA called?

A

Chromsomes

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16
Q

What are autosomes chromosomes?

A

chromosomes 1-22, not connected to sex

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17
Q

Most chromosomes are ___.

A

autosomes

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18
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

the chromosomes that determine sex, the X and Y chromosomes

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19
Q

What are the X and Y chromosomes called?

A

sex chromosomes

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20
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

haploid

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21
Q

Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?

A

diploid

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22
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

the matching pair of chromosomes formed when one is replicated

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23
Q

What is the matching pair of chromosomes called?

A

homologous pair

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24
Q

What is karyotype?

A

a photomicrograph and analysis of an entire set of chromosomes

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25
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

the replication of cells used for repair

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26
Q

2N (diploid) parent cells ==> 2N (diploid) daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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27
Q

What is the 1st stage of Mitosis?

A

Interphase (G1, S, and G2)

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28
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Mitosis?

A

Prophase

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29
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Mitosis

A

Metaphase

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30
Q

What is the 4th stage of Mitosis?

A

Anaphase

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31
Q

What is the 5th stage of Mitosis?

A

Telophase

32
Q

What happens during Interphase G1?

A

growth in cell size

33
Q

What happens during Interphase S?

A

DNA replication

34
Q

What happens during Interphase G2?

A

organelle duplication

35
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

the process of cell division for sexual reproduction and reduction division

36
Q

What is Mitosis used for in the cell?

A

replication and repair

37
Q

What is Meiosis used for in the cell?

A

sexual reproduction and reduction division

38
Q

2N (diploid) parent cells ==> N (haploid) daughter cells

A

Meiosis

39
Q

What happens during Meiosis I?

A

crossing-over and separation of homologous chromosome pairs

40
Q

What is synapsis?

A

when homologous chromosomes pair up

41
Q

What is it called when homologous chromosomes pair up?

A

synapsis

42
Q

What are the four-strand structures of paired up homologous chromosomes called?

A

tetrads

43
Q

What are tetrads?

A

four-strand structures of paired up homologous chromosomes

44
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

the random lining up of tetrads in Meiosis

45
Q

What happens during Meiosis II?

A

the sister strands are separated

46
Q

What cell division process occurs in both somatic cells and gametes? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Mitosis

47
Q

What cell division process occurs in gametes only? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Meiosis

48
Q

What cell division process produces diploid daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Mitosis

49
Q

What cell division process produces haploid daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Meiosis

50
Q

What cell division process requires one cycle/division? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Mitosis

51
Q

What cell division process required two cycles/divisions (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Meiosis

52
Q

What cell division process produces two daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Mitosis

53
Q

What cell division process produces four daughter cells? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Meiosis

54
Q

What cell division process’s daughter cells are genetically identical from the parent cell and each other? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Mitosis

55
Q

What cell division process’s daughter cells are genetically unique from the parent cell and each other? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Meiosis

56
Q

What cell division process has an exchange of genetic material? (Mitosis or Meiosis)

A

Meiosis

57
Q

What does IPMAT stand for?

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

58
Q

No two gametes…

A

are the same

59
Q

In what phase do chromosome line up in the middle of the cell?

A

Metaphase

60
Q

In what phase do spindle fibers form?

A

Prophase

61
Q

In what phase does the nuclear membrane dissolve?

A

Prophase

62
Q

In what phase are two nuclei formed?

A

Telophase

63
Q

In what phase do chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase

64
Q

In what phase do chromosomes unwind into chromatin?

A

Telophase

65
Q

In what phase is DNA replicated?

A

Interphase S

66
Q

In what phase does the cell grow?

A

Interphase G1

67
Q

In what phase are the cell’s organelles replicated?

A

Interphase G2

68
Q

What phase comes after cytokinesis?

A

Interphase G1

69
Q

In what phase does chromatin condense into chromosomes?

A

Prophase

70
Q

In what phase do tetrads form?

A

Prophase I

71
Q

In what phase are two haploid cells formed?

A

Telophase I

72
Q

In what phase does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

73
Q

In what phase are four haploid cells formed?

A

Telophase II

74
Q

In what phase does Independent Assortment Occur?

A

Metaphase I & Metaphase II

75
Q

In what phase do tetrads separate?

A

Anaphase I

Bio 100 (19 decks)

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