Lecture 9 - The Nose, Sinuses and Muscles of Facial Expressions Flashcards
1
Q
The nose: parts
A
- external nose
- nasal cavity
2
Q
Nasal cavity: borders
A
- midline & lateral walls
- roof and floor
3
Q
Nasal cavity: functions
A
- humidify, warm and filter air
- facilitate drainage of paranasal sinuses
- secrete mucus
4
Q
External nose
A
- projects outwards allowing air to enter the nasal cavity
- made up of bone and cartilage
5
Q
Bones of the skull: two regions
A
- neurocranium
- viscerocranium
6
Q
Neurocranium bones
A
- frontal bone
- cribiform plate
- ethmoid bone
- sphenoid bone
7
Q
Viscerocranium bones
A
- nasal bone
- vomer bone
- maxillary bone
- inferior nasal concha
8
Q
Bones in the nasal cavity
A
- frontal bone
- nasal bone
- ethmoid bone
- maxillary bone
- sphenoid bone
- vomer bone
- palatine bone
9
Q
Nasal septum:
A
- medial wall
- made up of a bony portion and a cartaliaginous portion
10
Q
Structures of nasal septum
A
- ethmoid bone
- septal cartilage
- vomer bone
11
Q
Conchae and meatuses
A
- lateral wall
12
Q
Nasal conchae
A
- superior and middle nasal conchae are processes of the ethmoid bone
- inferior nasal concha is formed by its own cranial bone
13
Q
Nasal conchae structures
A
- ethmoid bone (middle nasal concha)
- inferior nasal concha
14
Q
Nasal conchae and meatuses
A
- superior nasal concha/meatus
- middle nasal concha/meatus
- inferior nasal concha/meatus
15
Q
Nasal conchae functions
A
- humidify air
- filter air
- warm up air
16
Q
What is a concha?
A
a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals
17
Q
Nasal cavity borders
A
- roof
- floor: palate
- medial wall: nasal septum
18
Q
What is a meatus?
A
a natural body opening or canal
19
Q
Structures of the roof: midsagittal section - medial view
A
- cribiform plate
- nasal bone
- frontal bone
- sphenoid bone
20
Q
Structures of the roof: anterior view
A
- nasal bone
- frontal bone
- sphenoid bone
21
Q
Structures of the roof: base of skull - superior view
A
- frontal bone
- cribriform plate
- ethmoid bone
- sphenoid bone
22
Q
Nose cavity borders: floor
A
- palatine bone
- maxillary bone
23
Q
External nose structures
A
- bony
- cartilaginous
24
Q
External nose cartilage
A
- lateral nasal cartilage
- major alar cartilage
- minor alar cartilage
25
Paranasal sinuses
- cavities (air pockets) found in the skull
- the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid bones contain paranasal cavities
- parasnasal sinuses are lined with respiratory mucosa and secrete mucous
26
Which is the largest sinus?
maxillary sinus
27
Paranasal sinuses: functions
- lighten the weight of the skyll
- humidify/heat/filter air
- secret muscus
28
Where do the nasal meatuses in the nasal cavity receive drainage from?
the paransal sinuses
28
Paranasal sinuses drainage
- superior meatus drains the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses
- middle meatus drains the frontal, anterior ethmoid and maxilary sinuses
- nasal cavity extends to the nasopharynx where the mucus will be swallowed
29
What nerves innervate tje paranasal sinuses?
- V1 (ophthalmic) and V2 (maxillary) branches of the trigeminal nerve ( CN V)
30
Muscles of facial expressions: overview
- origniate from facial bones or adjacent muscles
- insert into skin
- superficial (subcutaneous) muscles
- innervated by CN VII (facial nerve)
31
Muscles of facial expressions: functions
- act as sphincters and dilators
- alter facial expressions
32
Muscles of facial expressions (7): top to bottom
- frontalis
- corrugator supercilii
- orbicularis oculi
- zygomaticus
- buccinator
- orbicularis oris
- platysma
33
Frontalis
- epicranial group (occipitofrontalis)
- actions: draws the scalp back, raising the yebrows
- "surprise"
34
corrugator supercilii
- ortibal group
- action: draw the eybrows together medially and inferiorly (frowning)
35
orbicularis oculi
- ortibal group
- ortibal parts
- palpebral part
- lacrimal part
- actions:
- ortibal parts: tightly closing the eye
- palpebral part: loosely closing the eye
- lacrimal part: compress lacrimal sac (tears)
36
orbicularis oris
- oral group
- action: purses and protrudes lips (duck lips)
36
buccinator
- oral group
- action: pull the cheeks inward and agasint the teeth (blowing)
37
zygomaticus (minor and major)
- oral group
- action: pull corners of the mouth up and drawing it laterally (smiling)
38
platysma
- neck group
- action: pull corner of the mouth down ("yikes")
39
What nerve innervwates faciual expression muscles?
CN VII (facial nerve)
40
Facial nerve intracranial pathway
1. innervates from brainstem, then goes through...
2. internal acoustic meatus then...
3. facial canal then...
4. medial wall of the middle ear then...
5. Stylomastoid foramen
41
Facial nerve innervation branches: sentence to help rememeber
- "To Zanzibar By Motor Car"
42
Facial nerve innervation branches
- Tempora branches
- Zygomatic branches
- Buccal branches
- Marginal mandibular branch (does not innervate any facial expression muscles)
- Cervicle branches
43
Facial nerve innervation: Temporal branches
- orbicularis oculi (upper half)
- corrugator supercilii
- frontalis
44
Facial nerve innervation: buccal branches
- orbicularis oris
- zugomaticus
- buccinator
44
Facial nerve innervation: zygomatic branches
- orbicularis oculi (lower half)
45
Facial nerve innervation: cervical branches
- platysma
