L21 - The Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

The perineum

A
  • lies inferior to the pelvic floor, between the lower limbs
  • formed from soft tissue inferior to the pelvic floor, ending wiht skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Superficial

A

inferior, closer to the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

deep

A

superior, closer to the pelvic diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pelvic floor review muscles

A
  • obturator internus
  • levator ani
  • coccygeus
  • urogenital hiatus
  • rectal hiatus
  • piriformis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

borders of the perineum

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • ishciopubis ramus
  • ischial tuberosity
  • coccyx/sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

triangles of the perineum

A
  • urogenital triangle
  • anal triangle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

urogenital triangle

A
  • anterior portion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) pubic symphysis, 2) ishcial tubersoity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anal triangle

A
  • posterior portion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) ischial tuberosities 2) coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Male genitalia (3)

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
  • urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

body of penis structures (3)

A
  • glans
  • corpus cavernosum
  • corpus spongiosum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

root of penis strctures (2)

A
  • crus
  • bulb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

penis structures (transverse section through penile shaft) - (4)

A
  • corpus cavernosum
  • corpus spongiosum
  • deep penile artery
  • urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Urethra structurs (7)

A
  • bladder
  • prostate
  • prostatic urethra
  • membranpous urethra
  • spongy urethra
  • corupus spongiosum
  • external urethral orifice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Female genitalia structures

A
  • prepuce of clitoris
  • mons pubis
  • clitoris
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pudendal cleft

A
  • space between labia majora and labia minora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Female genitalia - vestibule borders

A
  • clitoris: anterior border
  • labia minora: lateral border
  • fourchette: posterior border
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Female genitalia - vestibule components

A
  • external urethral orifice
  • vaginal orifice
  • bulb of vestibule
  • greater vestibular glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Erectile tissue - root: structures

A
  • crus of clitoris
  • greater vestibular gland
  • bulb of vestibule
19
Q

Erectile tissue - body: structures

A
  • glands of clitoris
  • body of clitoris (corpora cavernosa)
20
Q

urethra: structures

A
  • external urethral sphincter (surrounds entire urethra)
  • urethrovagunal sphincter (surrounds urethra and vagina)
  • compressor urethrae (surrounds anterior urethra)
21
Q

urogenital triangle

A
  • anterio rportion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) pubiv symphysis 2) ischia tuberosities
22
Q

urogenital triangle components superficial to deep

A
  • skin
  • perineal fascia
  • superificial perineal pouch
  • perineal membrane
  • deep perineal pouch
  • pelvic floor
23
Q

deep perineal pouch

A
  • between pelvic floor superiorly, and perineal membrane inferiorly
  • lies superior the perineal membrane
  • forms the external urethral sphincter
24
Q

deep perineal pouch: males

A
  • deep transverse perineal muscle
  • external urethral sphincter (voluntary control, surrounds membranous urethra)
25
deep perineal pouch: females
- external urethral sphincter - urethrovaginal sphincter - compressor urethrae - deep transverse perineal muscle
26
perineal membrane
deep perineal pouch --> perineal membrane --> superificial perineal pouch
27
superificial perineal pouch
- between perineal membrane superiorly, and deep perineal fascia inferiorly - lies inferior to the perineal membrane - superior limit --> perineal membrane - inferior limit --> colles' fascia
28
superificial perineal pouch: males
- bulbospongiosus (compresses bulb of penis during erection) - ischiocavenrbous (compresses crus of penis during erection) - superiorical transvers perineal muscle
29
superificial perineal pouch: females
- bulbospongiosus (compresses bulb of clitoris during erection) - ischiocavenrbous (compresses crus of clioris during orgasm) - superiorical transvers perineal muscle
30
perineal fascia: superifical layer
continous with Camper's fascia pf anterior abdominal wall
31
perineal fascia: deep layer
- continuous with Scarpa's fascia of the anterior abdominal wall - Colles' fascia
32
Perineal body
convergence/interlacing of - bulbospongious - superifical/deep perineal muscles - external anal sphrincter - pelvic floor muscles
33
Anal triangle contents
- anal aperture - external anal sphincter - ischiorectal fossa - pudendal canal
33
Anal triangle
- posterior portion of perineum - bounded by 1) ischial tuberosities 2) coccyx - no perineal membrane here!!
33
Ischiorectal fossa
- obturator internus - levator ani
34
Borders of the ischiorectal fossa
- lateral border: obturator internus - superior border: levator ani - medial border: external anal sphincter - inferior border: perineal fascia
35
pudendal canal: neurovasculature structures
- pudendal nerve - internal pudenda; artery - internal pudendal vein
36
anal canal structures
- external anal sphincter - internal anal sphincter - rectal ampulla - anal canal
37
internal anal sphincter
involuntary: relaxes during normal defecation
38
External anal canal sphincter functions
voluntary: compresses to keep spincter shut
39
Blood supply
- abdominal aorta (bifurcation at L4) - external iliac artery (blood supply to the lower limbs) - common iliac artery (bifurcation at sarcoiliac joint) - internal iliac artery (blood supply to the pelvis
40
blood supply - perineum
- internal iliac artery - internal pudendal artery
41
blood supply - rectum
- inferior mesenteric artery - superior rectal artery - internal iliac artery - middle rectal artery - inferior rectal artery