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ANAT 316 Term 1 > Lecture 2- Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 cell types that make up the NS? (nevous tissue is comprised of these two cell types)

A
  • neurons
  • neuroglia
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2
Q

How many neurons are in the NS?

A

~ 100 billion neurons

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3
Q

What are the major components of the NS? (6)

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal nerves
  • ganglia
  • sensory receptors
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4
Q

Cranial nerves

A
  • 12 pairs of nerves
  • emerge from base of brain
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5
Q

spinal nerves

A
  • 31 pairs of nerves
  • emerge from spinal cord
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6
Q

ganglia

A
  • cluster of neuron cell bodies
  • located outside CNS
  • one nerve comes in…one nerve comes out
  • relay station for neuron communication
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7
Q

sensory receptors

A
  • monitor changes in environment
  • in skin, eyes, nose, muscles, etc.
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8
Q

Functional organization of the NS

A

sensory function - integrative function - motor function

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9
Q

Sensory function (input)

A
  • sensory receptors detect internal and external stimuli
  • sensory (afferent) neurons transmit info to CNS
  • part of PNS
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10
Q

Integrative function (control)

A
  • interneurons analyze sensory info
  • perception (conscious awareness) of stimuli
  • located in spinal cord (CNS)
  • part of CNS
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11
Q

Motor function (output)

A
  • motor (efferent) neurons respond to integration
  • initiate actions in effector organs (muscles, glands, etc.)
  • part of PNS
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12
Q

What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?

A

Central (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

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13
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS

A

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

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14
Q

What are the two somatic neuron types?

A
  • somatic sensory neurons
  • somatic motor neurons
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15
Q

Somatic sensory neurons

A
  • convey info to CNS from sensory receptors
  • input of info to CNS for integration
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16
Q

Somatic motor neurons

A
  • convey info from CNS to skeletal muscles (ONLY!!)
  • output of info from CNS for muscular contraction
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17
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

regulates VOLUNTARY control of skeletal muscles

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18
Q

What are the 2 divisons of the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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19
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

regulates INVOLUNTARY control

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20
Q

Sympathetic nevous system

A
  • increase in activity and metabolic rate
  • “fight or flight” response
  • ex: dilate pupils, increase heartrate, inhibit intestinal activity
21
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • decrease in activity and metabolic rate
  • “rest or digest” response
  • ex: constrict pupils, decrease heartrate, stimulate intestinal activity
22
Q

Neurons

A
  • basic structural and functional units of thr nervous system
  • form complex processing networks
  • transfer and processing of info
23
Q

Neuroglia

A
  • smaller and more abundant
  • support, nourish and protect neurons
  • do not participate in transfer fo info
24
Q

Cerebrum (telencephalon) (2)

A
  • largest and most anterior part of brain
  • consists of two hemispheres seperated by a fissure
25
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A
  • initiates and manages conscious thoughts and actions
  • provides ability to read, write, speak, logically make calculations, creatively make art, rememeber the past, plan for the future, imagine things that may not exist
26
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the brain?

A
  • cerebrum
  • diencephalon
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
27
Q

What consists of the cerebrum? (4)

A
  • white matter
  • grey matter
  • gyrus
  • sulcus
28
Q

what covers the cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex

29
Q

What are two features of the cerebrum?

A
  • longitudinal fissure
  • corpus callosum
30
Q

what does the longitudinal fissure do?

A

sereprates the right and left hemispheres

31
Q

what does the corpus callosum do?

A
  • connects the right and left hemispheres which allows for communication between both hemispheres
  • it is made up of white matter
32
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • insular lobe
33
Q

What is the frontal lobe’s main functions?

A
  • planning
  • determining
  • executive functionning (boss)
  • mood
34
Q

What is the parietal lobe’s main functions?

A
  • responds to stimuli from environment
  • mental body map of where you are in relation to space
35
Q

What is the temporal lobe’s main functions?

A
  • communication:
  • hearing
  • speaking
36
Q

What is the occipital lobe’s main functions?

A
  • vision
37
Q

What is the insular lobe’s main functions?

A
  • autonomic processing
38
Q

What fossa on the skull does the frontal lobe rest in?

A

anterior fossa

39
Q

What fossa on the skull doe the temproal lobes rest in?

A

middle fossa

40
Q

What fossa on the skull does the brain stem as well as the cerebellum rest in?

A

posterior fossa

41
Q

What sulcus seperates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

the central sulcus

42
Q

What sulcus seperates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

the parieto-occipital sulcus

43
Q

What sulcus seperates the frontal and temporal lobes?

A

lateral sulcus

44
Q

What features differentiate the sulci that seperate lobes and other sulci

A

they are deeper, more pronounced and travel until they reach another lobe

45
Q

What are the features of the cerebellum?

A
  • folia (gray matter)
  • arbor vitae (white matter)
46
Q

what does arbor vitae mean and why is it good to know that?

A
  • it means the tree of life
  • it looks like a tree in the cerebellum
47
Q

What are the main functions of the cerebellum? (2)

A
  • coordinates voluntary movement
  • regulates posture and balance
48
Q

What are the three structures of the cerebellum?

A
  • cerebrallar hemispheres
  • vermis (seperates both hemispheres)
  • cerebellar peduncle
49
Q

What seperates the cerebellum and the occipital lobe?

A

the transverse fissure

ANAT 316 Term 1 (22 decks)

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