Lecture 2- Intro to Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 2 cell types that make up the NS? (nevous tissue is comprised of these two cell types)
A
- neurons
- neuroglia
2
Q
How many neurons are in the NS?
A
~ 100 billion neurons
3
Q
What are the major components of the NS? (6)
A
- brain
- spinal cord
- cranial nerves
- spinal nerves
- ganglia
- sensory receptors
4
Q
Cranial nerves
A
- 12 pairs of nerves
- emerge from base of brain
5
Q
spinal nerves
A
- 31 pairs of nerves
- emerge from spinal cord
6
Q
ganglia
A
- cluster of neuron cell bodies
- located outside CNS
- one nerve comes in…one nerve comes out
- relay station for neuron communication
7
Q
sensory receptors
A
- monitor changes in environment
- in skin, eyes, nose, muscles, etc.
8
Q
Functional organization of the NS
A
sensory function - integrative function - motor function
9
Q
Sensory function (input)
A
- sensory receptors detect internal and external stimuli
- sensory (afferent) neurons transmit info to CNS
- part of PNS
10
Q
Integrative function (control)
A
- interneurons analyze sensory info
- perception (conscious awareness) of stimuli
- located in spinal cord (CNS)
- part of CNS
11
Q
Motor function (output)
A
- motor (efferent) neurons respond to integration
- initiate actions in effector organs (muscles, glands, etc.)
- part of PNS
12
Q
What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?
A
Central (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
13
Q
What are the two divisions of the PNS
A
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
14
Q
What are the two somatic neuron types?
A
- somatic sensory neurons
- somatic motor neurons
15
Q
Somatic sensory neurons
A
- convey info to CNS from sensory receptors
- input of info to CNS for integration
16
Q
Somatic motor neurons
A
- convey info from CNS to skeletal muscles (ONLY!!)
- output of info from CNS for muscular contraction
17
Q
What does the somatic nervous system do?
A
regulates VOLUNTARY control of skeletal muscles
18
Q
What are the 2 divisons of the autonomic nervous system?
A
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
19
Q
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
A
regulates INVOLUNTARY control
20
Q
Sympathetic nevous system
A
- increase in activity and metabolic rate
- “fight or flight” response
- ex: dilate pupils, increase heartrate, inhibit intestinal activity
21
Q
parasympathetic nervous system
A
- decrease in activity and metabolic rate
- “rest or digest” response
- ex: constrict pupils, decrease heartrate, stimulate intestinal activity
22
Q
Neurons
A
- basic structural and functional units of thr nervous system
- form complex processing networks
- transfer and processing of info
23
Q
Neuroglia
A
- smaller and more abundant
- support, nourish and protect neurons
- do not participate in transfer fo info
24
Q
Cerebrum (telencephalon) (2)
A
- largest and most anterior part of brain
- consists of two hemispheres seperated by a fissure
25
What does the cerebrum do?
- initiates and manages conscious thoughts and actions
- provides ability to read, write, speak, logically make calculations, creatively make art, rememeber the past, plan for the future, imagine things that may not exist
26
What are the 4 main parts of the brain?
- cerebrum
- diencephalon
- brainstem
- cerebellum
27
What consists of the cerebrum? (4)
- white matter
- grey matter
- gyrus
- sulcus
28
what covers the cerebrum?
cerebral cortex
29
What are two features of the cerebrum?
- longitudinal fissure
- corpus callosum
30
what does the longitudinal fissure do?
sereprates the right and left hemispheres
31
what does the corpus callosum do?
- connects the right and left hemispheres which allows for communication between both hemispheres
- it is made up of white matter
32
What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
- occipital
- insular lobe
33
What is the frontal lobe's main functions?
- planning
- determining
- executive functionning (boss)
- mood
34
What is the parietal lobe's main functions?
- responds to stimuli from environment
- mental body map of where you are in relation to space
35
What is the temporal lobe's main functions?
- communication:
- hearing
- speaking
36
What is the occipital lobe's main functions?
- vision
37
What is the insular lobe's main functions?
- autonomic processing
38
What fossa on the skull does the frontal lobe rest in?
anterior fossa
39
What fossa on the skull doe the temproal lobes rest in?
middle fossa
40
What fossa on the skull does the brain stem as well as the cerebellum rest in?
posterior fossa
41
What sulcus seperates the frontal and parietal lobes?
the central sulcus
42
What sulcus seperates the parietal and occipital lobes?
the parieto-occipital sulcus
43
What sulcus seperates the frontal and temporal lobes?
lateral sulcus
44
What features differentiate the sulci that seperate lobes and other sulci
they are deeper, more pronounced and travel until they reach another lobe
45
What are the features of the cerebellum?
- folia (gray matter)
- arbor vitae (white matter)
46
what does arbor vitae mean and why is it good to know that?
- it means the tree of life
- it looks like a tree in the cerebellum
47
What are the main functions of the cerebellum? (2)
- coordinates voluntary movement
- regulates posture and balance
48
What are the three structures of the cerebellum?
- cerebrallar hemispheres
- vermis (seperates both hemispheres)
- cerebellar peduncle
49
What seperates the cerebellum and the occipital lobe?
the transverse fissure
