L17 - Abdomical Viscera I

Question 1

What is peritoneum?

Answer 1

• peri = “around” + teino = “to stretch” = stretching around abdominal viscera
• serous membrane that lines the walls of thre abdomucal and pelvic cavities, and covers many organs
• forms a sac that encloses the peritoneal cavity
• has a parietal layer and visceral layer

Question 2

2 main types of perioneum

Answer 2

• parietal
• visceral

Question 3

parietal peritoneum

Answer 3

“of walls”
lines:
- inferior surface of diaphragm
- abdomical and pelvic walls
- roof over pelvic viscera

Question 4

visceral peritoneum

Answer 4

• “of organs”
• covers organs

Question 5

peritoneal cavity: greater sac

Answer 5

diaphragm -> pelvis

Question 6

peritoneal cavity: lesser sac

Answer 6

• behind the stomach
• can extend:
  
  • upward: diaphragm
  • downward: between layers of greater omentum
  • left: spleen
  • right: epipoic foramen of Winslow

Question 7

Epiploic foramen of Winslow

Answer 7

• only natural communication between the greater sac and lesser sac

Question 8

Epiploic foramen of Winslow: borders

Answer 8

• anterior: free border of Lesser Omentum
• posterior: Infeiror Vena Cava
• superior: Liver (Caudate Lobe)
• inferior: 1st part of Duodenum

Question 9

Peritoneum - intraperitoneal

Answer 9

• completely covered by peritoneum
• liver, stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum

Question 10

Peritoneum - retroperitoneal

Answer 10

• anterior surface covered
• SAD PUCKER

Question 11

SAD PUCKER

Answer 11

• Suprarenal/adrenal glands
• Abdominal Aorta and Inferior Vena Caca
• Duodenum (parts 2-4)
• Pancreas
• Ureters
• Colon (ascending and descending)
• Kidneys
• Esophagus
• Rectum (proximal 1/3)

Question 12

Peritoneum innervation - visceral (intraperitoneal)

Answer 12

• visceral afferents
• pain is poorly localized

Question 13

Peritoneum innervation - parietal (retroperitoneal)

Answer 13

• segmental nerves: overlying skin and muscles (T6-L1)
• phrenic nerves
• pain is well localized

Question 14

Gut Tube: sections

Answer 14

• foregut: abdominal esophagus to proximal 1/2 of duodenum
• midgut: distal 1/2 of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transvers Colon
• hindgut: distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal

Question 15

Foregut structures

Answer 15

• esophagus
• stomach
• liver
• gallbladder
• bile ducts
• pancreas
• proximal duodenum
• celiac trunk

Question 16

Foregut function

Answer 16

digestion

Question 17

midgut structures

Answer 17

• distal duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum
• cecum
• appendix
• ascending colon
• proximal 2/3 transverse colon
• superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

Question 18

midgut function

Answer 18

absorption

Question 19

hingut structures

Answer 19

• distal 1/3 transverse colon
• descending colon
• sigmoid colon
• upper anal canal
• inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

Question 20

hindgut function

Answer 20

removal

Question 21

Foregut - which arteries come off of hte celiac trunk? (3)

Answer 21

• common hepatic artery
• left gastric artery
• splenic artery

(branch off of the celeiac trunk at the celiac axis)

Question 22

Midgut - which arteries come off of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)? (6)

Answer 22

• inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
• jejunal arteries
• ileal arteries
• middle colic artery
• right colic artery
• ileocolic artery

Question 23

Hindgut - which arteries come off of the inferior mesenteric artery (1MA)? (3)

Answer 23

• left colic artery
• sigmoidal arteries
• superior rectal artery

Question 24

Abdomical esophagus - foregut

Answer 24

• mechanical digestion and transfer of bolus to the stomach
• passing through diaphragm (esophageal hiatus (T10), lower esophageal sphincter (LES))
• blood supply: esophageal branch of left gastric artery

Question 25

What sentence can help you remember where the strctures are on the vertebral column?

Answer 25

“I ate (8) 10 Eggs At 12”
I = inferior vena cava
E = esophagus
A = aorta

Question 26

Stomach - greater curvature: blood supply

Answer 26

• right and left gastromental arteries

Question 27

Stomach - lesser curvature: blood supply

Answer 27

• right and left gastric arteries

Question 28

Stomach - fundus: blood supply

Answer 28

• short gastric arteries
  (celiac trunck -> splenic artery -> short gastric artery)

Question 29

Small intestine: functions

Answer 29

• braking down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
• absorption

Question 30

small intestine

Answer 30

• specialization fo surface area
• pyloric orifice -> ileocecal junction

Question 31

small intestine - duodenum

Answer 31

• 20-25cm
• 1st part of small intestine
• C-shaped
• mostly retroperitoneal

Question 32

small intestine - duodenum: parts

Answer 32

• 1: superior (intraperitoneal)
• 2: descending (retroperitoneal)
• 3: inferior/horizontal (retroperitoneal, inferior to the SMA)
• 4: ascending (retroperitoneal)

Question 33

1st and second part of duodenum are part of the ___ while the 3rd and 4th are part of the _____

Answer 33

• foregut (proximal duodenum)
• midgut (distal duodenum)

Question 34

blood supply for 1st and second part of duodenum are from the ____ ____ ____ while the 3rd and 4th are from the ____ ____ ____

Answer 34

• superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
• inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 35

Small intestine: jejunum

Answer 35

• left upper quadrant
• begins at the duodenojejunal flexure

Question 36

Small intestine: ileum

Answer 36

• right lower quadrant
• ends at the ilececal junction

Question 37

the blood supply for the jejunum an dileum is found within the ____ ____

Answer 37

mesentery proper

Question 38

blood supply jejunum and illeum

Answer 38

• superior mesenteric artery –> jejunal arteries and ileal arteries –> arterial arcades –> vasa recta