Lecture 9: Small Animal Pelvic Limb

Question 1

What is the correct directional term for the back side of leg at carpus and below

Answer 1

palmar

Question 2

what is the correct directional term for the back side of leg at tarsus and below

Answer 2

plantar

Question 3

what side is the marker typically placed on a radiograph: medial or lateral

Answer 3

lateral

Question 4

what side is the marker placed on radiograph: dorsal or ventral

Answer 4

dorsal

Question 5

what are good sedative options for rads

Answer 5

butorphanol, acepromazine, dexmed

Question 6

when should you opt to anesthetize animal for rad vs sedate

Answer 6

fractures or spine rads

Question 7

what are your anatomical landmarks when evaluating symmetry of VD pelvic radiograph

Answer 7

1. Wings of ilium
2. Stifle joints- patella should be centered on femur
3. Obturator foramen are same size

Question 8

What view is this

Answer 8

VD

Question 9

what are your landmarks for good lateral view of pelvis

Answer 9

entire pelvis should be superimposed

Question 10

how would you position for VD

Answer 10

1. Place in trough
2. Hold distal tibia
3. Patellae centered

Question 11

in a VD radiograph the center beam should be over the ___

Answer 11

acetabulum

Question 12

is this patient in a good or bad positioning

Answer 12

Bad- patella’s not centered over femurs, obturator foramen are different sizes- rotated

Question 13

how do you correct poor positioning

Answer 13

1. Expand collimation
2. Center appropriately

Question 14

what type of rotation is most common in poor rad positioning

Answer 14

internal rotation

Question 15

Is this patient rotated to the left or to the right and how do you know

Answer 15

left- obturator foramen smaller on left

Question 16

is this patient rotated to the left or to the right and how do you know

Answer 16

right- obturator foramen smaller on right

Question 17

what wrong in these images and what is top differential

Answer 17

left image: thickening of femoral neck
Right: subluxation and osteophyte formation

Top diff: hip dysplasia

Question 18

what are your anatomical landmarks for stifle rads

Answer 18

1. Distal 1/3 femur
2. Proximal 1/3 tibia/fibula

Question 19

how do you position a dog for lateral stifle rads

Answer 19

place in lateral, affected limb down, opposite limb is flexed

Question 20

how do you position for caudo cranial stifle rads

Answer 20

place ventral, extend limbs, pad on inguinal region and elevate opposite limb

Question 21

what view is this

Answer 21

Lateral

Question 22

what view is this

Answer 22

caudocranial

Question 23

what wrong/circled

Answer 23

OCD of stifle

Question 24

from cat- what wrong

Answer 24

oteochondromatosis- mineralized synovium

Question 25

what is the most common place for osteochondrosis on tarsus

Answer 25

medial trochlear ridge

Question 26

What circled/wrong

Answer 26

osteochondrosis of tarsus

Question 27

aggressive or not aggressive

Answer 27

aggressive- bone proliferation, long zone of transitions, periosteal reactions, involves multiple bones

Question 28

What wrong/circled

Answer 28

patella luxation

Question 29

what wrong

Answer 29

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture- tibia is not aligned with femur

Question 30

what is legg perthes

Answer 30

a vascular necrosis

Question 31

what are some signs of legg perthes

Answer 31

1. Linear radiolucencies
2. Decreased opacity
3. Flattened or irregular femoral head
4. Wide joint +/- subluxation
5. Fragmentation of femoral head
6. Muscle atrophy

Question 32

What wrong

Answer 32

Legg perthes- a vascular necrosis