Lecture 20: Pleura and Mediastinum Flashcards
pleural space is __space. Thin layer between __ and ___
potential space, lungs and body wall
visceral pleura attached to __, parietal pleura attached to __
lungs, body wall
the pleural space lines the ___surface of the body wall
medial
what are some signs of fluid in the pleural space
- Lungs decreased in size and retracted from body wall
- Fluid opacity between lungs
- Fluid opacity dorsal to sternum
what wrong
pleural fluid- cardiac silhouette not as noticeable and lungs retracted from body wall
what view do you want to take to see fluid
dorsoventral
what view do you want to see heart, but won’t necessarily see fluid
ventrodorsal
which view is VD vs DV
Left is DV
Right is VD
what is a lobar sign
line between normal lung and abnormal lung
what is fissure line
line between normal and normal lung lobe
fissures lines do not always mean fluid, could be ___
fat
What indicated by red line
lobar sign- line between normal lung and abnormal (ST opacity)
what is indicated by yellow arrows
fissure line- line between normal and normal lung lobes
Notice fat on periphery
What wrong
Pleural fluid- lungs smaller and retracted from body wall
what wrong and how do you know
Pneumothorax
Very black and no vasculature so not lung
Heart should be closer to sternum
with pneumothorax collapse of the down lung allows the heart to fall into the __
dependent hemithorax
what wrong and how do you know
tension pneumothorax
Ribs parallel to body, barrel chested and tented diaphragm
what are the signs of tension pneumothorax
- Ribs parallel to body
- Barrel chested
- Flat/tented diaphragm
what are 3 conditions that mimic pneumothorax
- Hypovolemia
- Chondrodystrophic chest conformation
- Skin folds
what wrong
nothing- just skin fold
Not pneumothorax
what is a rent
hole in the diaphragm
what is a hernia
Displacement of structure through hole
What wrong and why is it not pleural fluid
diaphragmatic hernia
Not fluid because can easily see cardiac silhouette and lungs touching body wall
what is a flail chest
3 or more ribs in a row fractured—> during inhalation part of thorax moves in and other out
what wrong
extra-pleural sign
what wrong
lysis of ribs
the mediastinum is between __ and __
right and left pleural sacs
the mediastinum runs from __ to __
thoracic inlet to diaphragm
the mediastinum is fenestrated in what species
dogs and cats
t or f: mediastinum is a closed cavity
false
the mediastinum communicates with __ and __
neck and retroperitoneal space
what organs are seen in mediastinum
- Aorta
- Trachea
- Heart
- Thymus (young animals)
- Esophagus
- Caudal vena cava
- Sternal lymph node (sometimes)
label 1-4
- Mediastinum
- Costal parietal pleura
- Medistinal parietal pleura
- Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
identify 1-5
- Mediastinum
- Costal parietal pleura
- Pulmonary pleura (visceral)
- Pleural space
- Mediastinal parietal pleura
identify 1-14
- Vertebral body
- Rib
- Costal parietal pleura
- Body wall
- Lung
- Mediastinal pleura
- Pleural space
- Visceral pleura
- Sternum
- Heart
- Vena cava
- Esophagus
- Aorta
- Azygos vein
normal or abnormal mediastinum
Normal
normal or abnormal young dog mediastinum
normal- thymus
normal or abnormal mediastinum
Cranial mediastinum mass
where is cranial mediastinal LN located
ventral to trachea
what does cranial mediastinal LN drain
head, thoracic limbs and sometimes thoracic duct
What circled
cranial mediastinal LN
where is tracheobronchial LN
dorsal and slightly caudal to the carina, displaces carina ventrally
what does tracheobronchial LN drain
trachea and bronchus
what circled
tracheobronchial LN
t or f: can occasionally see sternal lymph node and its normal
true
where is sternal lymph node located
dorsal to 1st and 2nd sternabrae
what does sternal LN drain
peritoneal cavity, cranial three mammary glands
What circled
sternal LN
what wrong
Heart base mass
t or f: small amount of gas in esophagus is normal
true
where is esophagus seen
above the trachea within thorax
esophagrams are useful study to verify __
esophageal position
esophagram always acquire __rads
survey
What wrong
persistent right aortic arch- vascular ring anomaly
what wrong and what breed common in
redundant esophagus
Brachiocephalic breeds
what wrong
megaesophagus
What wrong
esophageal stricture
