Lecture 20: Pleura and Mediastinum

Question 1

pleural space is __space. Thin layer between __ and ___

Answer 1

potential space, lungs and body wall

Question 2

visceral pleura attached to __, parietal pleura attached to __

Answer 2

lungs, body wall

Question 3

the pleural space lines the ___surface of the body wall

Answer 3

medial

Question 4

what are some signs of fluid in the pleural space

Answer 4

1. Lungs decreased in size and retracted from body wall
2. Fluid opacity between lungs
3. Fluid opacity dorsal to sternum

Question 5

what wrong

Answer 5

pleural fluid- cardiac silhouette not as noticeable and lungs retracted from body wall

Question 6

what view do you want to take to see fluid

Answer 6

dorsoventral

Question 7

what view do you want to see heart, but won’t necessarily see fluid

Answer 7

ventrodorsal

Question 8

which view is VD vs DV

Answer 8

Left is DV
Right is VD

Question 9

what is a lobar sign

Answer 9

line between normal lung and abnormal lung

Question 10

what is fissure line

Answer 10

line between normal and normal lung lobe

Question 11

fissures lines do not always mean fluid, could be ___

Answer 11

fat

Question 12

What indicated by red line

Answer 12

lobar sign- line between normal lung and abnormal (ST opacity)

Question 13

what is indicated by yellow arrows

Answer 13

fissure line- line between normal and normal lung lobes
Notice fat on periphery

Question 14

What wrong

Answer 14

Pleural fluid- lungs smaller and retracted from body wall

Question 15

what wrong and how do you know

Answer 15

Pneumothorax
Very black and no vasculature so not lung
Heart should be closer to sternum

Question 16

with pneumothorax collapse of the down lung allows the heart to fall into the __

Answer 16

dependent hemithorax

Question 17

what wrong and how do you know

Answer 17

tension pneumothorax
Ribs parallel to body, barrel chested and tented diaphragm

Question 18

what are the signs of tension pneumothorax

Answer 18

1. Ribs parallel to body
2. Barrel chested
3. Flat/tented diaphragm

Question 19

what are 3 conditions that mimic pneumothorax

Answer 19

1. Hypovolemia
2. Chondrodystrophic chest conformation
3. Skin folds

Question 20

what wrong

Answer 20

nothing- just skin fold
Not pneumothorax

Question 21

what is a rent

Answer 21

hole in the diaphragm

Question 22

what is a hernia

Answer 22

Displacement of structure through hole

Question 23

What wrong and why is it not pleural fluid

Answer 23

diaphragmatic hernia
Not fluid because can easily see cardiac silhouette and lungs touching body wall

Question 24

what is a flail chest

Answer 24

3 or more ribs in a row fractured—> during inhalation part of thorax moves in and other out

Question 25

what wrong

Answer 25

extra-pleural sign

Question 26

what wrong

Answer 26

lysis of ribs

Question 27

the mediastinum is between __ and __

Answer 27

right and left pleural sacs

Question 28

the mediastinum runs from __ to __

Answer 28

thoracic inlet to diaphragm

Question 29

the mediastinum is fenestrated in what species

Answer 29

dogs and cats

Question 30

t or f: mediastinum is a closed cavity

Answer 30

false

Question 31

the mediastinum communicates with __ and __

Answer 31

neck and retroperitoneal space

Question 32

what organs are seen in mediastinum

Answer 32

1. Aorta 2. Trachea 3. Heart 4. Thymus (young animals) 5. Esophagus 6. Caudal vena cava 7. Sternal lymph node (sometimes)

Question 33

label 1-4

Answer 33

1. Mediastinum 2. Costal parietal pleura 3. Medistinal parietal pleura 4. Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Question 34

identify 1-5

Answer 34

1. Mediastinum 2. Costal parietal pleura 3. Pulmonary pleura (visceral) 4. Pleural space 5. Mediastinal parietal pleura

Question 35

identify 1-14

Answer 35

1. Vertebral body 2. Rib 3. Costal parietal pleura 4. Body wall 5. Lung 6. Mediastinal pleura 7. Pleural space 8. Visceral pleura 9. Sternum 10. Heart 11. Vena cava 12. Esophagus 13. Aorta 14. Azygos vein

Question 36

normal or abnormal mediastinum

Answer 36

Normal

Question 37

normal or abnormal young dog mediastinum

Answer 37

normal- thymus

Question 38

normal or abnormal mediastinum

Answer 38

Cranial mediastinum mass

Question 39

where is cranial mediastinal LN located

Answer 39

ventral to trachea

Question 40

what does cranial mediastinal LN drain

Answer 40

head, thoracic limbs and sometimes thoracic duct

Question 41

What circled

Answer 41

cranial mediastinal LN

Question 42

where is tracheobronchial LN

Answer 42

dorsal and slightly caudal to the carina, displaces carina ventrally

Question 43

what does tracheobronchial LN drain

Answer 43

trachea and bronchus

Question 44

what circled

Answer 44

tracheobronchial LN

Question 45

t or f: can occasionally see sternal lymph node and its normal

Answer 45

true

Question 46

where is sternal lymph node located

Answer 46

dorsal to 1st and 2nd sternabrae

Question 47

what does sternal LN drain

Answer 47

peritoneal cavity, cranial three mammary glands

Question 48

What circled

Answer 48

sternal LN

Question 49

what wrong

Answer 49

Heart base mass

Question 50

t or f: small amount of gas in esophagus is normal

Answer 50

true

Question 51

where is esophagus seen

Answer 51

above the trachea within thorax

Question 52

esophagrams are useful study to verify __

Answer 52

esophageal position

Question 53

esophagram always acquire __rads

Answer 53

survey

Question 54

What wrong

Answer 54

persistent right aortic arch- vascular ring anomaly

Question 55

what wrong and what breed common in

Answer 55

redundant esophagus Brachiocephalic breeds

Question 56

what wrong

Answer 56

megaesophagus

Question 57

What wrong

Answer 57

esophageal stricture