Lecture 23: Radiology and Ultrasound: liver and spleen

Question 1

what part of the abdomen is the thickest

Answer 1

cranial abdomen

Question 2

what part of the patient do you want near cathode vs anode in abdominal rad and why

Answer 2

thickest part of patient near cathode- cranial abdomen

Question 3

identify 1-5 on MRI

Answer 3

1. Liver
2. Kidney
3. Adrenal gland
4. Spleen
5. Stomach

Question 4

identify 1-8 on CT of abdomen

Answer 4

1. Liver
2. Pancreas
3. Spleen
4. Stomach
5. Aorta
6. CVC
7. Portal vein
8. Spine

Question 5

the liver is caudal to the __, cranial to the __

Answer 5

diaphragm, stomach

Question 6

what organ size influences gastric axis

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

what is indicated by yellow lines and by what would change in 1-3

Answer 7

gastric axis
1. Normal
2. Liver enlarged
3. Small liver or deep chested dogs

Question 8

identify 1-3

Answer 8

1. Liver
2. Stomach
3. Spleen

Question 9

with hepatomegaly liver extends well beyond ___arch/__

Answer 9

costal arch/ 13th rib

Question 10

how does hepatomegaly affect gastric axis

Answer 10

caudodorsal shift

Question 11

what wrong

Answer 11

hepatomegaly- liver extends beyond 13th rib/costal arch

Question 12

what are some causes of hepatomegaly

Answer 12

1. Hepatic venous congestion (RSHF)
2. Neoplasia (lymphoma)
3. Cushings/ steroid hepatopathy
4. DM
5. Hepatic lipidosis
6. Acute hepatitis

Question 13

t or f: radiographs can give dx based on hepatomegaly

Answer 13

false

Question 14

how can MRI be used to determine if hepatomegaly is malignant vs benign

Answer 14

if hepatomegaly shows up on MRI= malignant neoplasia

If hepatomegaly shows up on X-ray and not on MRI= benign

Question 15

what are some focal causes of hepatomegaly

Answer 15

1. Neoplasia
2. Abscess
3. Cyst
4. Biloma
5. Liver lobe torsion

Question 16

is this more likely a splenic or liver mass

Answer 16

liver- displacing gastric axis caudodorsally and extends beyond costal arch

Liver is only thing that can displace stomach caudally

Question 17

the stomach usually aligns with __rib

Answer 17

13th

Question 18

What wrong and how do you know

Answer 18

small liver or deep chested dog
Gastric axis upright, and stomach aligned with 11th/12th rib not 13th

Question 19

what are some ddx for small liver

Answer 19

1. Chronic liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis)
2. PSS
3. Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 20

what is gold standard to dx PSS

Answer 20

nuclear medicine

Question 21

What wrong

Answer 21

Intrahepatic cholelithasis

Question 22

Liver ultrasound what wrong

Answer 22

cholelithasis- mineral appearance

Question 23

what modality is best for cholecystitis

Answer 23

Ultrasound

Question 24

ultrasound of liver what wrong

Answer 24

cholecystitis

Question 25

the spleen is very clear on what modality

Answer 25

radiographs

Question 26

what circled and is this cat or dog

Answer 26

Dog spleen- more triangular, easier to see

Question 27

what circled and cat or dog

Answer 27

cat spleen

Question 28

what modality is more helpful for seeing small lesions within parenchyma of spleen

Answer 28

ultrasound

Question 29

what are some causes for diffuse spleen enlargement

Answer 29

1. Neoplasia- lymphoma or MCT 2. Congestion- sedation or RSHF 3. Splenic torsion 4. IMHA 5. Inflammation 6. Infarction 7. Nodular hyperplasia 8. Extra medullary hematopoietic

Question 30

ultrasound of spleen, put color flow Doppler on it and see nothing, what wrong

Answer 30

splenic torsion- very dark, no BF

Question 31

top image cat spleen, bottom dog spleen what wrong

Answer 31

splenic lymphoma

Question 32

what are some ddx for solitary splenic masses

Answer 32

1. Neoplasia- hemagioma, hemangiosarcoma 2. Nodular hyperplasia 3. Hematoma 4. Abscess

Question 33

what wrong

Answer 33

splenic mass