Lecture 8: Small Animal thoracic limbs Flashcards
What is the gold standard to dx developmental bone bone disorders
radiographs
what are some signs of osteochondrosis
- Irregular/flat subchondral bone
- Sclerotic rim
- Mineralized cartilage flap
- Osteoarthrosis
what is osteochondrosis
failure of endochondral ossification
where are the common locations in canines for osteochondrosis
- Caudal humeral head- most common
- Medial aspect of humeral condole
- Medial talus (hindlimb)
what wrong
OCD
what wrong
osteochondrosis
difference between osteochondrosis and OCD
osteochondrosis typically just a divot without surrounding inflammation
OCD typically has flap hanging off with inflammation
Typically used interchangeably
what are the 3 causes of elbow dysplasia
- Osteochondrosis
- Fragmented medial coronoid process
- Ununited anconeal process
in Elbow dysplasia maldevelopment of the __leads to joint incongruity
trochlear notch
What wrong
fragmented medial coronoid process
what are some signs of fragmented medial coronoid process
- Fragment or blunting of coronoid
- Subchondral sclerosis
- Joint incongruity
- Proliferation new bone on anconeal process
- OA
what wrong
fragmented medial coronoid process
What wrong
Ununited anconeal process
what are some signs of Ununited anconeal process
- Radiolucent line
- OA
when does the anconeal process typically fuse by
4-5 months
how old does dog have to be to dx Ununited anconeal process
6 months
what wrong
Ununited anconeal process
What wrong
retained cartilaginous core
what are some signs of retained cartilaginous core
cone shaped radiolucent area, sclerotic rim, +/- angular limb deformity
where is retained cartilaginous core typically found
- Distal ulnar metaphysis- most common
- Lateral femoral condyle
what wrong
Incomplete ossification of humeral condyle
what are somE signs of incomplete ossification of humeral condyle
- Radiolucent line, intercondylar region
- Osteoarthritis
when do the humeral condyles fuse
70 days
incomplete ossification of humeral condyle is commonly seen in what animals/species
cocker spaniels and pot belly pigs
what wrong
Panosteitis
what are some signs of panosteitis
- Blurring of trabecular bone
- Medullary opacity
- Periosteal reaction
- Multifocal
- Near nutrient foramen
who typically gets panosteitis
GSD or large breed dogs between 12-16 months
Young dog- what wrong
hypertrophic osteodystropgy
what are some signs of hypertrophic osteodystrophy
- Metaphysical lucent line parallel to physis- “double physis”
- Adjacent sclerosis
- Periosteal reaction
- Soft tissue swelling
Young dog- what wrong
hypertrophic osteodystrophy
adult- what wrong
Hypertrophic osteopathy
what are some signs of hypertrophic osteopathy
- Swelling of distal limbs
- Smooth periosteal reaction
- Starts distally and progresses proximal
what two things is hypertrophic osteopathy associated with
thoracic or urinary bladder mass
what are some signs of nutritional hyperparathyroidism
- Generalized decrease in bone opacity
- Thin cortices
- Folding fractures
from reptile who was hypocalcemic- what wrong
nutritional hyperparathyroidism
