Lecture 8: Small Animal thoracic limbs

Question 1

What is the gold standard to dx developmental bone bone disorders

Answer 1

radiographs

Question 2

what are some signs of osteochondrosis

Answer 2

1. Irregular/flat subchondral bone
2. Sclerotic rim
3. Mineralized cartilage flap
4. Osteoarthrosis

Question 3

what is osteochondrosis

Answer 3

failure of endochondral ossification

Question 4

where are the common locations in canines for osteochondrosis

Answer 4

1. Caudal humeral head- most common
2. Medial aspect of humeral condole
3. Medial talus (hindlimb)

Question 5

what wrong

Answer 5

OCD

Question 6

what wrong

Answer 6

osteochondrosis

Question 7

difference between osteochondrosis and OCD

Answer 7

osteochondrosis typically just a divot without surrounding inflammation

OCD typically has flap hanging off with inflammation

Typically used interchangeably

Question 8

what are the 3 causes of elbow dysplasia

Answer 8

1. Osteochondrosis
2. Fragmented medial coronoid process
3. Ununited anconeal process

Question 9

in Elbow dysplasia maldevelopment of the __leads to joint incongruity

Answer 9

trochlear notch

Question 10

What wrong

Answer 10

fragmented medial coronoid process

Question 11

what are some signs of fragmented medial coronoid process

Answer 11

1. Fragment or blunting of coronoid
2. Subchondral sclerosis
3. Joint incongruity
4. Proliferation new bone on anconeal process
5. OA

Question 12

what wrong

Answer 12

fragmented medial coronoid process

Question 13

What wrong

Answer 13

Ununited anconeal process

Question 14

what are some signs of Ununited anconeal process

Answer 14

1. Radiolucent line
2. OA

Question 15

when does the anconeal process typically fuse by

Answer 15

4-5 months

Question 16

how old does dog have to be to dx Ununited anconeal process

Answer 16

6 months

Question 17

what wrong

Answer 17

Ununited anconeal process

Question 18

What wrong

Answer 18

retained cartilaginous core

Question 19

what are some signs of retained cartilaginous core

Answer 19

cone shaped radiolucent area, sclerotic rim, +/- angular limb deformity

Question 20

where is retained cartilaginous core typically found

Answer 20

1. Distal ulnar metaphysis- most common
2. Lateral femoral condyle

Question 21

what wrong

Answer 21

Incomplete ossification of humeral condyle

Question 22

what are somE signs of incomplete ossification of humeral condyle

Answer 22

1. Radiolucent line, intercondylar region
2. Osteoarthritis

Question 23

when do the humeral condyles fuse

Answer 23

70 days

Question 24

incomplete ossification of humeral condyle is commonly seen in what animals/species

Answer 24

cocker spaniels and pot belly pigs

Question 25

what wrong

Answer 25

Panosteitis

Question 26

what are some signs of panosteitis

Answer 26

1. Blurring of trabecular bone 2. Medullary opacity 3. Periosteal reaction 4. Multifocal 5. Near nutrient foramen

Question 27

who typically gets panosteitis

Answer 27

GSD or large breed dogs between 12-16 months

Question 28

Young dog- what wrong

Answer 28

hypertrophic osteodystropgy

Question 29

what are some signs of hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Answer 29

1. Metaphysical lucent line parallel to physis- “double physis” 2. Adjacent sclerosis 3. Periosteal reaction 4. Soft tissue swelling

Question 30

Young dog- what wrong

Answer 30

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Question 31

adult- what wrong

Answer 31

Hypertrophic osteopathy

Question 32

what are some signs of hypertrophic osteopathy

Answer 32

1. Swelling of distal limbs 2. Smooth periosteal reaction 3. Starts distally and progresses proximal

Question 33

what two things is hypertrophic osteopathy associated with

Answer 33

thoracic or urinary bladder mass

Question 34

what are some signs of nutritional hyperparathyroidism

Answer 34

1. Generalized decrease in bone opacity 2. Thin cortices 3. Folding fractures

Question 35

from reptile who was hypocalcemic- what wrong

Answer 35

nutritional hyperparathyroidism