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Diagnostic Imaging > Lecture 3: Imaging Modalities: decisions > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Imaging Modalities: decisions Flashcards

1
Q

What are radiographs good at looking at

A

Bones

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2
Q

Radiographs have limited ___detail but contrast can help with that

A

Soft tissue

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3
Q

What is the biggest con of radiographs

A

Superimposed structures

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4
Q

What are some disadvantages for plain film radiographs

A

Requires processor, money for chemicals, and can have artifacts from processing

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5
Q

How does computed radiography work

A

Have screen film place into reader and creates digital image

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6
Q

What are the advantages for digital radiology

A

Fast process, no film required, few artifacts

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7
Q

Identify which X-ray modalities were used and how do you know

A

Left: plain
Right: CR
Middle: DR- more crisp

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8
Q

Identify which X-ray modalities were used and how do you know

A

Left: plain
Middle: CR
Left: DR- better at seeing soft tissue

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9
Q

Which X-ray modality is best at seeing soft tissue: plain, CR or DR

A

DR

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10
Q

Ultrasound is great for looking at ___

A

Soft tissue

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11
Q

Ultrasound of eye- what wrong

A

Cataracts- front of eye appears thicker/ whiter on ultrasound

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12
Q

What is the difference between x-rays and gamma rays

A
  1. X-rays produced from electron shell- knock out other electrons to make energy
  2. Gamma rays from nucleus- decays and release energy
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13
Q

What is the most common gamma ray

A

99mTcO4

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14
Q

How does technetium metastable work in nuclear medicine

A

Decays to 99Tc which is then taken up by stomach, thyroid glands, salivary glands

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15
Q

Identify 1-4 and what does it tell you

A
  1. Salivary glands
  2. Thyroid glands
  3. Heart
  4. Stomach

1 thyroid gland is very bright because hyper functioning whereas other thyroid gland is suppressed

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16
Q

How can you use technetium/ nuclear medicine to evaluate portosystemic shunt

A
  1. Give technetium rectally
  2. Enters blood—> liver—> heart
  3. Normal should have bright spots in liver, if shunt will bypass over liver
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17
Q

How does a bone scan work

A
  1. Bind 99mTc with methylene diphosphate (MDP)
  2. MDP binds hydroxyapetite which is present during osteoblastic activity
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18
Q

What modality is this and what is wrong

A

Bone scintigraphy
Tumor on ribs- black spots indicate increased osteoblast activity

19
Q

What type of imaging is CT

A

Cross-sectional imaging

20
Q

How does a CT work

A

Uses x-ray tube with adjacent detectors that measure amount of attenuation of beam by patient and create 1 image

21
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT unit measurement of bone

A

300-3000

22
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT measurement for mineralized disc

A

100-300

23
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT measurement for acute hemorrhage

A

42-58

24
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT unit for gray matter in brain

A

35

25
Q

What is hounsfield/ CT measurement for white matter in brain

A

30

26
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT measurement for water

A

0- used to center it

27
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT measurement for fat

A

-50 to -100

28
Q

What is the hounsfield/ CT measurement for air

A

-1000

29
Q

How would something with a high hounsfield/ CT measurement appear

A

Brighter

30
Q

CT is primarily used to evaluate __ but can also evaluate __ if given contrast medium

A

Bone, soft tissue

31
Q

What is multiplanar reconstruction

A

Data sets of CT images can be reconstructed into different images

32
Q

What is helical scanning

A

Patient is moved continuously while tube/detectors rotate, produces corkscrew path

33
Q

How does magnetic resonance imaging work

A

Manipulates atoms in patient to create image

34
Q

MRI field strength measures in ___

A

Tesla

35
Q

What is the drawback of MRI

A

Radio waves cause heat production and can increase body temp

36
Q

How long does a high field strength vs a low field strength MRI take

A

High field- 1hr
Low field- 3hrs

37
Q

An average MRI study contains how many images

A

300-600

38
Q

What is bright vs dark in a T1 weighting

A

Fat is bright
Fluid is dark

39
Q

What is T1 weighting good at analyzing

A

Anatomy

40
Q

What is bright in T2 weighting in MRI

A

Fluid is bright

41
Q

What is T2 weighting in MRI good for

A

Inflammation

42
Q

What is the downside of T2 being used in high field strength magnet

A

Both fat and fluid will be bright

43
Q

Which modality is great for 3D reconstructions

A

CT

44
Q

MRI is great for looking at __

A

Soft tissues

Diagnostic Imaging (4 decks)

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