Lecture 27: Ultrasound in the Equine Acute Abdomen Flashcards
Alcohol vs gel for ultrasound: which used for small vs large areas
gel- small areas
Alcohol- large areas
the higher the MHz on probe= greater __, but decreased __
resolution, decreased penetration
what MHz should be used for colon and SI
5-8MHz (superficial)
what MHz should be used on kidneys, spleen, and liver
1-5 MHz (deeper)
what view is this and what is it good for
Right 10-12th intercostal space
Good for right dorsal colon (NSAIDS)
what view is this and what is it good for evaluating
Right ventral quadrant
SI and right ventral colon
what view is this and what is it good for evaluating
left dorsal quadrant
Nephrosplenic space (left dorsal displacements)
what view is this and what is it good for evaluating
Left ventral quadrant
SI and left ventral colon
what view is this and what is it good for evaluating
Xiphoid region
Ventral colon, spleen, fluid
SI wall thickness >__mm is abnormal
3mm (3cm)
SI diameter > __cm is abnormal
5 cm
normal or abnormal SI
normal
normal or abnormal SI
Distended SI
normal or abnormal SI
thick SI
Nephrosplenic entrapment aka __
left dorsal displacement
what space/ region do you what to evaluate with suspected Nephrosplenic entrapment
left dorsal quadrant
the Nephrosplenic ligament connects __ and __
kidney and spleen
what should you normally see in Nephrosplenic space
kidney and spleen
what do you see when there is Nephrosplenic entrapment/ what do you not see
do not see kidney
See spleen pushed medially by colon
Gas
what wrong
Nephrosplenic entrapment
what happens with right dorsal displacement
pelvic flexure migrates into cranial abdomen
what do you feel on rectal palpation and what do you see on ultrasound that supports right dorsal displacement
rectal: can’t feel pelvic flexure
Ultrasound: mildly thick colon wall (4-6mm)
a colon wall thicker than __mm= colon torsion
9mm
colon: which image abnormal vs normal
right normal
Left: colon torsion
colitis and colon torsion both cause thickening of colon wall, how do you tell difference
presenting signs:
Colitis: fever and diarrhea
Torsion: pain and vascular compromise
What is normal right dorsal colon wall thickeners
0.2-0.4 cm
what is the thickness if right dorsal colon wall with colitis
0.9-1.2cm
horse presents with fever, diarrhea. Do ultrasound and this is colon what wrong
Colitis- thickened colon wall and fluid filled
