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Diagnostic Imaging > Lecture 5: Fractures and Radiographs > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Fractures and Radiographs Flashcards

1
Q

What circled?

A

Nutrient foramen- not a fracture- hole in the bone that allows blood to enter

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2
Q

fractures occur due to ___

A

overwhelming force

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3
Q

what are the 5 forces that can cause a fracture

A
  1. Bending
  2. Compression
  3. Rotation
  4. Shear
  5. Tension
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4
Q

what 3 things do you want to consider when evaluating a fracture

A
  1. Articular or not
  2. Open or closed
  3. Simple or complex
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5
Q

what are the 6 types of fracture classifications

A
  1. Incomplete
  2. Transverse
  3. Oblique
  4. Spiral
  5. Segmental
  6. Comminuted
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6
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

Incomplete

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7
Q

what is an incomplete fracture

A

one cortex involved, not broken all the way through

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8
Q

what type of fracture are these

A

transverse

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9
Q

what is a transverse fracture and what typically causes these types of fractures

A

bones are very parallel to each other
Typically due to high impact/ rapid trauma (ex: HBC)

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10
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

oblique

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11
Q

what is an oblique fracture, what is a short vs long oblique

A

when the fracture is longer than the bone is wide

Short oblique: less than 2x the length of the bone
Long oblique: greater than 2x the length of the bone

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12
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

spiral

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13
Q

what type of injury causes a spiral fracture

A

slow twisting injury

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14
Q

What type of fracture is this

A

segmental

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15
Q

what is a segmental fracture

A

two transverse fractures that do not communicate

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16
Q

what Type of fracture is this and is it open or closed

A

comminuted fracture
Open

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17
Q

what are salter and Harris fractures

A

fracture classification when physis is open (< 6 months old)

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18
Q

what is involved in a salter and Harris fracture 1

A

only across the physis

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19
Q

what is a salter and Harris fracture II

A

metaphysis involved

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20
Q

what is a salter and Harris fracture III

A

Articular Involvement through physis and down to epiphysis

21
Q

what is a salter and Harris fracture IV

A

involves metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis

22
Q

What salter and Harris fracture is this

A

III- articular involvement through physis down to epiphysis

23
Q

what type of salter and Harris fracture is this

A

I- just physis

24
Q

what type of salter and Harris fracture is this

A

II- metaphysis involved

25
Q

what type of salter and Harris fracture is this

A

IV- involves metaphysis, physis and epiphysis

26
Q

fracture from 4yr old cocker spaniel- what type of salter and Harris fracture is this

A

NOT A SALTER AND HARRIS FRACTURE SINCE 4YR OLD

27
Q

What type of fracture is this

A

displacement fracture- bones not aligned

28
Q

displacement fracture results in loss of ___ and indicates __

A

blood supply, severity

29
Q

normal healing from a fracture takes ___ weeks

A

6-8 weeks

30
Q

complication of fracture such as infection occurs in first __weeks

A

2 weeks

31
Q

which results in faster healing pins or plates

A

pins- allows for more motion which increases healing

32
Q

t or f: healing time increases with age

A

true

33
Q

normal healing after fracture repair will have what 3 things

A
  1. Minimal callus
  2. No fracture line
  3. Stable implants
34
Q

what is malunion

A

heals in abnormal position

35
Q

what is delayed union

A

has not healed in time expected

36
Q

what is non-union

A

all evidence of fracture healing has ended

37
Q

what healing complication present here

A

malunion

38
Q

Radiograph taken 6 weeks post fracture repair- what healing complication present

A

delayed union

39
Q

radiograph taken 10 weeks post fracture repair- what healing complication is present

A

non-union

40
Q

sequestrums must have loss of __

A

blood supply

41
Q

what are the three parts needed to be considered a sequestrum

A
  1. Sequestra-bone fragment
  2. Involucrum- dark spot around bone fragment
  3. Cloaca- draining tract
42
Q

what can cause thermal necrosis to occur after fracture repair

A

drill bit is dull- cauterizes bone and results in laying down more bone when healing

43
Q

What wrong

A

White spot- thermal necrosis

44
Q

callus formation occurs in viable ___fractures

A

non-union fractures

45
Q

what is a hypertrophic callus formation

A

bone fragments don’t grow together

46
Q

what healing complication present

A

hypertrophic callus

47
Q

what is dystrophic non-viable non-union

A

fibrous CT between bones but bones these moves not connected

48
Q

what type of non-viable, non-union present here

A

necrotic- bone fragments surrounded by dark spots

49
Q

what type of non-viable, non-union present here

A

defect- still fracture gaps

Diagnostic Imaging (11 decks)

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