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Diagnostic Imaging > Lecture 5: Fractures and Radiographs > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Fractures and Radiographs Flashcards

1
Q

What circled?

A

Nutrient foramen- not a fracture- hole in the bone that allows blood to enter

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2
Q

fractures occur due to ___

A

overwhelming force

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3
Q

what are the 5 forces that can cause a fracture

A
  1. Bending
  2. Compression
  3. Rotation
  4. Shear
  5. Tension
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4
Q

what 3 things do you want to consider when evaluating a fracture

A
  1. Articular or not
  2. Open or closed
  3. Simple or complex
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5
Q

what are the 6 types of fracture classifications

A
  1. Incomplete
  2. Transverse
  3. Oblique
  4. Spiral
  5. Segmental
  6. Comminuted
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6
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

Incomplete

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7
Q

what is an incomplete fracture

A

one cortex involved, not broken all the way through

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8
Q

what type of fracture are these

A

transverse

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9
Q

what is a transverse fracture and what typically causes these types of fractures

A

bones are very parallel to each other
Typically due to high impact/ rapid trauma (ex: HBC)

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10
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

oblique

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11
Q

what is an oblique fracture, what is a short vs long oblique

A

when the fracture is longer than the bone is wide

Short oblique: less than 2x the length of the bone
Long oblique: greater than 2x the length of the bone

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12
Q

what type of fracture is this

A

spiral

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13
Q

what type of injury causes a spiral fracture

A

slow twisting injury

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14
Q

What type of fracture is this

A

segmental

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15
Q

what is a segmental fracture

A

two transverse fractures that do not communicate

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16
Q

what Type of fracture is this and is it open or closed

A

comminuted fracture
Open

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17
Q

what are salter and Harris fractures

A

fracture classification when physis is open (< 6 months old)

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18
Q

what is involved in a salter and Harris fracture 1

A

only across the physis

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19
Q

what is a salter and Harris fracture II

A

metaphysis involved

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20
Q

what is a salter and Harris fracture III

A

Articular Involvement through physis and down to epiphysis

21
Q

what is a salter and Harris fracture IV

A

involves metaphysis, physis, and epiphysis

22
Q

What salter and Harris fracture is this

A

III- articular involvement through physis down to epiphysis

23
Q

what type of salter and Harris fracture is this

A

I- just physis

24
Q

what type of salter and Harris fracture is this

A

II- metaphysis involved

25
what type of salter and Harris fracture is this
IV- involves metaphysis, physis and epiphysis
26
fracture from 4yr old cocker spaniel- what type of salter and Harris fracture is this
NOT A SALTER AND HARRIS FRACTURE SINCE 4YR OLD
27
What type of fracture is this
displacement fracture- bones not aligned
28
displacement fracture results in loss of ___ and indicates __
blood supply, severity
29
normal healing from a fracture takes ___ weeks
6-8 weeks
30
complication of fracture such as infection occurs in first __weeks
2 weeks
31
which results in faster healing pins or plates
pins- allows for more motion which increases healing
32
t or f: healing time increases with age
true
33
normal healing after fracture repair will have what 3 things
1. Minimal callus 2. No fracture line 3. Stable implants
34
what is malunion
heals in abnormal position
35
what is delayed union
has not healed in time expected
36
what is non-union
all evidence of fracture healing has ended
37
what healing complication present here
malunion
38
Radiograph taken 6 weeks post fracture repair- what healing complication present
delayed union
39
radiograph taken 10 weeks post fracture repair- what healing complication is present
non-union
40
sequestrums must have loss of __
blood supply
41
what are the three parts needed to be considered a sequestrum
1. Sequestra-bone fragment 2. Involucrum- dark spot around bone fragment 3. Cloaca- draining tract
42
what can cause thermal necrosis to occur after fracture repair
drill bit is dull- cauterizes bone and results in laying down more bone when healing
43
What wrong
White spot- thermal necrosis
44
callus formation occurs in viable ___fractures
non-union fractures
45
what is a hypertrophic callus formation
bone fragments don’t grow together
46
what healing complication present
hypertrophic callus
47
what is dystrophic non-viable non-union
fibrous CT between bones but bones these moves not connected
48
what type of non-viable, non-union present here
necrotic- bone fragments surrounded by dark spots
49
what type of non-viable, non-union present here
defect- still fracture gaps

Diagnostic Imaging (27 decks)

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