Lecture 7: Joints and soft tissue Flashcards
What wrong
lytic lesions in carpus
what wrong. Focal of systemic
- Subluxation of tarsus from metatarsus
- Increase distance in calcaneous joint
- Soft tissue swelling
Systemic- involving more than one joint
what is a joint
site of junction or union of two or more bones in the body
what is osteoarthritis
inflammation of joint
what is osteoarthrosis
degeneration of joint
what are the two basic principles/what lead to arthritis
- Abnormal stresses on normal cartilage
- Normal stress on abnormal cartilage
what are causes of erosive joints
infectious, neoplasia, chronic hemarthrosis
what are some causes of non-erosive joints
osteoarthrosis
what is ankylosis
fusion of joints- end stage or arthritis
what causes monoarthrosis/itis
osteoarthrosis, traumatic infection
what wrong and is this monoarthrosis/itis or poly
- Soft tissue swelling
- Irregular epiphysis
- Subluxation
Monoarthrosis/itis
what wrong and is it monoarthrosis/itis or poly
Bone proliferation
Monoarthrosis
What causes polyarthrosis/itis
immune mediated, hematogenous infection
What is an example of a plane joint
articular processes
what are two examples of a hinge joint
fetlock, elbow
what are two examples of a pivot joint
atlas, axis
what is an example of a condylar joint
stifle
what is an example of an ellipsoidal joint
carpus
what is an example of a saddle joint
digits
what are two examples of a spheroidal joint
hip, shoulder
how does the articular cartilage get nutrients
joint fluid
t or f: articular cartilage has blood supply
false
how can you make articular cartilage more visible in rads
add contrast
injected air to better visualize articular cartilage- identify 1-3
- OCD
- Joint capsule
- Articular cartilage
what are some signs of erosive arthrosis
- Subchondral bone lysis
- Signs of osteoarthrosis
- Decreased joint space
- Luxation/subluxation
- Fragmentation of adjacent bone
what are some signs of non-erosive joint
- Normal
- Increased synovial mass
- Altered size of joint space- must be weight bearing
- Altered subchondral bone opacity
- New bone formation
- Calcified bones
is this erosive or non-erosive and what is wrong
Erosive- subchondral bone lysis, luxation of coffin joint and navicular bone
is this erosive or non-erosive and what is wrong
Non-erosive
Hip dysplasia-subluxation
But no bone reaction or lysis
what is circled/arrows
osteophytes
what is an osteophyte
bone proliferation at periphery of bone near joint capsule to stabilize joint
what is circled
Enthesiophyte
what is an enthesiophyte
bone proliferation not inside joint
an osteophyte indicates irreversible damage to __
articular cartilage
where is an osteophyte located
periarticualr margin
what is purpose of osteophyte
stabilize joint
which has better prognosis: osteophyte or enthesiophyte
enthesiophyte
where does the enthesiophyte reside
outside the joint capsule
where are calcified bodies located
articular, periarticular, and juxta-articular
what is circled
Calcified body
what are some causes of articular calcified bodies
- OCD
- Un-united anconeal process
- Fragmented medial coronoid process
- Osteoarthrosis
- Articular fracture
- Meniscal calcification
- Secondary center of ossification
- Synovial osteochondromatosis (cats)
what is circled and what is it an example of
Un-united anconeal process- articular calcified body
what are some examples of periarticular calcified bodies
- Avulsion fracture
- Normal or pathological sesamoid bone
- Calcifying tendonopathy
what this an example of
periarticular calcified body
what are some examples of juxta-articular calcified bodies
- Clavicle
- Tumoral calcinosis
- Myositis ossificans
- Dystrophic mineralization
what is circled and what example of
soft tissue mass that mineralized
Juxta-articular calcified body
articular or non-articular
Articular
articular or non-articular. And what wrong
Both
Top circle- osteophyte articular mineralization
Bottom circle- aggressive bone lesion
