Lecture 13: Imaging of the head and spine Flashcards
What view and what evaluating
Ventrodorsal open mouth
Nasal cavity and maxilla
name view and what evaluating. Which image normal vs abnormal
Rostrocaudal
Frontal sinus
Top image- normal gas filled
Bottom image: left- normal gas filled, right- fluid and soft tissue
name view and what evaluating, identify 1
Rostrocaudal open mouth
1. Tympanic bulla
what wrong here, which is normal or abnormal: left or right image
Otitis media on right side- increased opacity
Left- less affected
name view and identify 1-2
lateral oblique- temporomandibular joint
1. Temporomandibular joint
2. Tympanic bulla
name view
Lateral oblique of maxilla
Name view
Intraoral dorsoventral
what are some radiographic diseases of the head
- Otitis media
- Sinusitis
- Rhinitis
- Maxilla and mandibular tumors
- Nasal cancer
- Dental disease
what Are you looking for on rads of otitis media
- Increased opacity in tympanic bulla
- Sclerosis of wall of tympanic bulla
what wrong
Increased thickening of wall of tympanic bulla
what wrong
Right side- increased fluid, thicker, mineralization in external ear canal
Left: mineralization
what wrong
Canine mandibular tooth root abscess
2yr old horse- what arrow pointing at
Preapical radiolucent regions- normal in young horse
images of CNS are hard to interpret without accurate __
neurolocalization
identify 1-8
- Spinous process
- Vertebral canal
- Intervertebral foramen
- Pedicle
- Vertebral body
- Articular process
- Dorsal laminae
- Transverse process
identify 1-8
- Spinous process
- Vertebral canal
- Intervertebral foramen
- Pedicle
- Vertebral body
- Articular process
- Dorsal laminae
- Transverse process
how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae do cats and dogs have
7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 sacral
ribs articulate with the __aspect of thoracic vertebrae
cranial
t13 ribs can be __
hypoplastic
feline vertebrae are much __than canine lumbar vertebrae and ribs are __
longer, thinner
Which cat vs dog
top- cat
Bottom- dog
identify 1-2
- C1
- C2
Identify 1-3
- Dens
- Transverse process/wings of c1
- Transverse process of C2
t or f: no disc at C1-C2
true
t or f: no discs S1-3
true
identify 1-2
- L7
- S1
what arrow pointing at
Dens
what two scenarios do you only take a lateral view of spine
- Trauma
2.Discospondylitis
what wrong and what view do you want to prioritize
displacement of spinal cord
Prioritize lateral view
what wrong and what view do you want to prioritize
Discospondylitis
Lateral view
based on this radiograph- what area provides best information on disc spaces and which dont (1-3)
- Most centered over beam- can accurately evaluate disc spaces
2 and 3: can’t evaluate too far on periphery- can look narrow
myleography has risk of __ and __
seizures and morbidity
where do you place contrast in myelography and what is purpose
subarachnoid space, to evaluate spinal cord
what technique is used here and what vertebral space is usually used
myelography, typically injected into L5-6
what technique is used here to enhance the spinal cord
myelography
what are the 4 myelographic patterns
- Normal
- Extradural
- Intradural, extramedullary
- Intramedullary
what are ddx for extradural myelographic pattern
- Tumor
- Abscess
- Hemorrhage
- Disc extrusion
what are ddx for intramedullary myelographic pattern
tumor, edema
what is ddx for intradural extramedullary myelographic pattern
tumor
what myelographic pattern seen here and what are your ddx
Extradural
Ddx; disc, tumor, hemorrhage, abscess
what myelographic pattern seen here and what is ddx
Intramedullary
Ddx: cancer or edema
What myelographic pattern seen here and what is ddx. Identify 1
intradural extramedullary
Ddx: tumor
1. Golf tee sign
what are the ddx for degenerative spinal disease
- Articular process DJD
- Spondylosis deformans
- Lumbosacral instability
which arrow normal vs abnormal and what wrong
Red: normal
Green: DJD, osteophyte
what wrong here
Thick facets causing compression of spinal cord
what wrong
spondylosis deformans
transitional vertebrae are usually at __
junctions
what transitional vertebrae seen in cervical thoracic junction
cervical ribs
thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae usually have rib anomalies on __
t13
what lumbosacral transitional vertebrae anomaly typically occurs and what does it predispose patients to
part of L7 fused with sacrum, predisposes to cauda equine syndrome
what wrong and how can this affect surgery sites for disc surgery
missing rib, can cause surgery to be done at wrong disc space
what wrong and what does it predispose animal to
Fusion of L7 to sacrum, predisposes animals to cauda equina syndrome
what sign are seen on radiographs of discospondylitis
end plate lysis
what wrong and what dx
endplate lysis
Dx: discospondylitis
what wrong
White part of spinal cord: inflammation, fluid
Discospondylitis
what are the rad findings for disc herniation
- Narrow disc spaces
- Narrow articular process joint space
- Opacity in vertebral canal
t or f: rad findings for disc herniation very specific
false- nonspecific
T or f: In situ disc mineralization is a significant finding
false- mineralization does not mean herniation
What wrong and is this significant
Disc mineralization- not significant
what view should be done first for suspected spinal fracture
lateral
When taking spinal fracture rads you should avoid __if possible
anesthesia
for spinal fracture rads use __ for VD projection
horizontal beam
what wrong
spinal fractures
what wrong
L7 fracture
What wrong
Vertebral canal laterally displaced and fracture of transverse processes
what wrong
Spinal cord transection
