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Biology 1 > Lecture 8A > Flashcards

Lecture 8A Flashcards

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1
Q

where does Meiosis happen in animals?

A

gonads

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2
Q

Phases of mitosis?

A 
IPMAT
interface
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
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3
Q

when and why does mitosis happen

A

After fertilization
During growth & development
To replace dead or damaged cells: stem cells divide

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4
Q

what are the 2 categories of chromosomes

A 
autosomes (1-22)
sex chromosomes (gamete)
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5
Q

Cells with 2 sets of chromosomes are called …cells

A

diploid

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6
Q

What is a homologous chromosomes?

A

Similar in length, shape AND genetic information

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7
Q

Alleles?

A

Alleles: alternate versions of genes on homologous chromosomes
alternate versions of the same gene pair

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8
Q

Gene?

A

A segment of DNA at a specific locus on a specific chromosome. It contains the info for making an RNA: if mRNA, then it codes for a particular protein

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9
Q

karyotype ?

A

A karyotype is an individual’s collection of chromosomes

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10
Q

What do stem cells do?

A

Stem cells in the gonads: mitosis or meiosis

Stem cells throughout the body: mitosis or differentiation (bone cell, etc)

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11
Q

are Differentiated cells stem cells?

A

Differentiated cells are NOT stem cells. They are in Go of interphase

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12
Q

When cells become …they leave the cell cycle

A

differentiated

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13
Q

what are differentiated cells

A

Cells are in G0
Performing their job (ex making hormones)
Make new organelles as needed

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14
Q

can gametes divide?

A

At end of cytokinesis II, have 4 gametes: these cells cannot divide again: they are no longer in the cell cycle: The gametes are in interphase.

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15
Q

what are interface phases?

A

G1: Most organelles are replicated.

S:DNA (chromosomes) doubles

G2: centrioles (needed in cell division) duplicated + make other proteins that will be needed

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16
Q

what happens in G1

A

G1 (Gap 1): Most organelles are replicated.

17
Q

what happens in S phase

A

S phase: copy all the chromosomes. Synthesize (make) DNA & the associated proteins

Chromosomes duplicated: each now consists of 2 identical sister chromatids

Connected at their centromeres

S= synthesis

18
Q

what happens in G2

A

G2 (Gap 2): centrioles (needed in cell division) duplicated + make other proteins that will be needed

19
Q

Centromere?

A

Centromere:
Highly condensed region of DNA

Chromosomes Connected at their centromeres

Biology 1 (39 decks)

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