Lecture 4.A Flashcards
where is Dna located
in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
what does DNA stand for
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
where is RNA located
in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
what does RNA stand for
RiboNucleic Acid
what are Nucleic Acids made up of
Nucleic Acids are polymers made up of monomers called nucleotides
what are the components of Nucleotides
Phosphate
- both rna and dna
Sugar
- dna: Deoxyribose
- rna: Ribose
Bases
- dna: Adenine(A),Guanine(G),Cytosine(C),Thymine (T)
- rna: Adenine(A),Guanine(G),Cytosine(C),Uracil (U)
what is a chromosome made up of
Chromosome = DNA + protein
what is the dna made up of
1 molecule made up of 2 strands= Double helix
4 nucleotides: represented by the letters of the bases: A, T, G, C
what are the backbones made up of
sugar and phosphate
What’s the difference between the backbones of DNA & RNA?
their sugars are different: dna: deoxyribose, rna: ribose
1 base is also different: thymine vs uracil
what is the diff in dna and rna structures
DNA is double stranded
It has 2 long polynucleotide strands linked together by hydrogen bonds between their nitrogenous bases.
RNA is single stranded
It has 1 long polynucleotide strand that twists around itself
how do complementary bases pair together
with hydrogen bonds
what’s the diff between the two ends of an RNA
The 3’ end has free hydroxyl group and 5’ end has free phosphate group.
where do the Complementary Base Pairing happens in transcription and translation
b/w DNA & RNA during transcription
b/w tRNA & mRNA during translation
functions of DNA and RNA
DNA: Store genetic information
RNA: Store, transfer, & express genetic information
