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Biology 1 > Lecture 17. B > Flashcards

Lecture 17. B Flashcards

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1
Q

Exchange with surroundings cell level?

A

nutrients transported through the cell– body cells

waste products excreted.

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2
Q

what are some special organs for the respiratory system

A 
Body surface
-
Gills
Tracheal system
Lungs
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3
Q

which animals do do gas exchange across the body surface

A

Most animals that do gas exchange across the body surface are simple aquatic animals

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4
Q

which organ for respiratory system is the most common

A

Tracheal system

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5
Q

Components of a Cardiovascular System

A

A circulatory fluid (ex. blood)
A muscular pump (heart)
System of tubes (blood vessels)

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6
Q

In general, animals with high/low? metabolic rates have more complex cardiovascular systems & more powerful hearts than animals with high/low? metabolic rates

A

In general, animals with high metabolic rates have more complex cardiovascular systems & more powerful hearts than animals with low metabolic rates

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7
Q

Single Circulation

A 
Single ventricle pumps blood to gills
Blood in gills pick up O2/ gets rid of CO2
O2-rich blood to body cells
O2-poor blood via veins to atrium
Atrium → ventricle
gills
↓
body tissues
↓
Heart
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8
Q

example of animals with Single Circulation

A

fishes, turtle

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9
Q

Double circulation

A 
Heart
↓
lungs
↓
Heart 
↓
tissues
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10
Q

examples of animals with double circulation

A

Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

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11
Q

function of valves in the heart?

A

VALVES PREVENT BACKFLOW AND ARE PRESENT IN THE HEART AND THE VEINS

WITH EVERY HEART BEAT, THE VALVES OPEN AND CLOSE SO THE AIR DOES NOT GO BACKWARD.

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12
Q

Which type of gas exchange will be most common in animals on land

A

tracheal system

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13
Q

Which type of gas exchange will be most common in animals in water

A

gills

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14
Q

almost all plants are autotrophic/heterotrophic?

A

autotrophic

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15
Q

almost all animals are autotrophic/heterotrophic?

A

heterotrophic

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16
Q

animals obtain their nutrients by ingesting /digesting

A

ingesting

17
Q

fungi obtain their nutrients by ingesting /digesting

A

digesting

18
Q

In all animals except for sponges, cells are organized into tissues which are organized into __, and __

A

organ and organ systems

19
Q

Two types of tissues that are found only in animals?

A

muscle & nerve

20
Q

animals have an internal skeleton, called an __

A

endoskeleton

21
Q

Considering that the vast majority of animals are invertebrates, the most common type of skeletal system is the ?

A

External skeleton

22
Q

amphibian means ?

A

“two lives,” referring to the fact that many amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, metamorphose from an aquatic stage to the terrestrial adult.

23
Q

abundant food source in the egg?

A

albumin (the “egg white”) is stored protein while the egg yolk is mostly lipids.

24
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Water loss leading to desiccation

A

impervious waxy cuticle vs Skin or exoskeleton (ex grasshoppers, snails) and scales (snakes, alligators) that prevents or reduces water loss

25
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Gas exchange

A

stomata vs
Body surface (ex sponge, earthworms, frogs)
Gills (ex fish, lobster)
Tracheal system (insects)
Lungs (ex birds, reptiles, mammals, frogs)

26
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Structural support

A

vascular tissue reinforced with lignin vs vascular tissue reinforced with lignin

27
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Water regulation

A

true roots and stomata vs Digestive tract, urinary system, and skin

28
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Internal transport

A

xylem and phloem vs Circulatory system

29
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Gamete transfer

A

male gametes transferred by water or in pollen grain (pollination by wind or by pollinators)
vs
External fertilization in water
Internal fertilization on land

30
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Gamete dessiccation

A

Gametes of gymnosperms and angiosperms are protected in pollen grains.
vs
Internal fertilization on land

31
Q

Challenges to living on land plants vs animals: Embryo dessiccation

A

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, embryo develops within the female cone or ovary.
vs
Reptiles and birds have the amniotic egg
Mammals develop inside mom

Biology 1 (39 decks)

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