Lecture 3.A Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules?

A

Nucleic acids: DNA (& RNA)
Proteins: made up of amino acids
Carbohydrates: ex glucose
Lipids: fats, phospholipids, cholesterol

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2
Q

what do Organic molecules have in common

A

Have a carbon backbone
Can be hydrophobic vs hydrophilic
Include monomers & polymers

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3
Q

which macromolecules are used to supply energy and build structures

A

carbs, protein & fats

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4
Q

Major atoms in organic macromolecules?

A

Lipids: mostly C, H (small amount of O)
Carbohydrates: C, H, O
Proteins: C, H, O, N (some S)
Nucleic acids: C, H, O, P, N

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5
Q

how do Nutrients from food get into cells of organism

A

Macromolecules (carbs, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids) in the food you eat get digested into monomers

Monomers taken into cells, which assemble the monomers into macromolecules, as needed by each cell

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6
Q

what is the structure of macromolecules

A

Most macromolecules are LARGE molecules made up of smaller units called monomers.
held together by bonds.

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7
Q

what are Polymers?

A

3 or more monomers (similar or identical) bonded together. Except for lipids, macromolecules are formed by combining monomers.

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8
Q

what are proteins made of (polymer)

A

amino acids (monomers)

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9
Q

how many diff amino acids do we have

A

20, aa are not protein

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10
Q

what is the Nucleic acid (dna rna) made up of?

A

Nucleotides

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11
Q

how many types of nucleotides do we have

A

5 different types of nucleotides

Nucleotides are NOT nucleic acids

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12
Q

are lipids made up of repeating monomers

A

no, lipids are Not made up of repeating monomers

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13
Q

monosaccharides are…

A

carbohydrates, aka simple sugars

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14
Q

what is a dehydration reaction

A

one that synthesizes—or joins—two molecules together, resulting in a loss of water

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15
Q

what is a hydrolysis

A

reaction in which water is used to break down a compound

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16
Q

what do Organic compounds contain

A

carbon and other elements

17
Q

ATP releases energy when..?

A
  1. it undergoes a hydrolysis reaction.

2. a phosphate group is removed from it

18
Q

Hydrophilic meaning

A

readily forms H bonds with water and therefore tends to dissolve readily in water.

19
Q

hydrophobic meaning

A

repelled by water. Cannot form H bonds with water so not soluble in water.

20
Q

what is an inorganic molecule

A

lacks carbon atom