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Biology 1 > Lecture 17. A > Flashcards

Lecture 17. A Flashcards

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1
Q

how many species have been identified until today and how many species are estimated to exist?

A

> 1 million species identified so far

Estimated 10-200 million species exist

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2
Q

Most are __?

A

invertebrates (97%)

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3
Q

Characteristics of ALL animals

A

Eukaryotic, no cell wall
Multicellular
Heterotrophic

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4
Q

all animals except __ have Nervous & muscle & tissue

A

sponges

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5
Q

kinds of symmetry in animals?

A

Asymmetrical

Radial (ex. phylum Cnidaria) Body can be cut into identical halves in more than 1 plane

BILATERAL only 1 cut along 1 plane results in 2 similar halves

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6
Q

which symmetry do most animals have

A

bilateral (only 1 cut along 1 plane results in 2 similar halves)

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7
Q

which of our organs regenerates tissues to some extent?

A

liver

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8
Q

animals Challenges to living on Land/ in water: Water loss

A

In water: Not a problem
On land: Can dry out (desiccation)
(waxy cuticle in invertebrates, tough skin in vertebrates)

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9
Q

animals Challenges to living on Land/ in water: Gas exchange

A

in water: Diffusion for simple animals, respiratory systems for others
On land: Reduced due to waxy cuticle. (lungs, tracheal tubes) NB wrt O2: more on land than in water

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10
Q

animals Challenges to living on Land/ in water: Structural support

A

In water: not a problem

On land: Gravity may cause collapsing (skeletal system)

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11
Q

animals Challenges to living on Land/ in water:Reproduction

A

in water: flagellated gametes swim to egg or internal fertilization
on land: Internal fertilization (except for amphibians)

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12
Q

animals on land characteristics

A

Land
potential for drying out (desiccation), temperature change
Need support against gravity
Most animals live on land

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13
Q

animals in ocean characteristics

A

In the ocean
Relatively stable temperatures, food, fluid
Disadvantages: Currents

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14
Q

animals in fresh water characteristics

A

Fresh water

Less constant environment, osmoregulation (get rid of excess water) required

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15
Q

how many major animal phyla

A

9

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16
Q

which phyla of animals have no blood (no circulatory system)?

A

the first 4

  1. porifera : sponges
  2. cnidaria : jelly fish
  3. flat worms
  4. round worms
17
Q

which phyla of animals have a backbone?

A

chordate

18
Q

animal phylum and an example of each?

A
  1. porifera : sponges
  2. cnidaria : jelly fish
  3. flat worms
  4. round worms
  5. molluscs: snails
  6. segmented worms: earth worms
  7. arthropods: spiders
  8. echinoderms: starfish
  9. chordates: birds
19
Q

75% of animals are in the phylum __?

A

Arthropoda (Exoskeletons invertebrates)

20
Q

how long did the Cambrian explosion last?

A

10 million years

21
Q

what is the cambrian explosion

A

Cambrian explosion: abrupt appearance of major animal groups
only 2 phyla present before the Cambrian explosion (fyi porifera ie sponges & Cnidaria ex jellyfish) ie only water-dwelling animals
Almost all living animal phyla appeared within a few millions of years.

22
Q

Appearance of animals?

A

LAND PLANTS, THEN LAND ANIMALS. BCUZ ANIMALS EAT PLANTS

23
Q

Physiological systems: 3 Skeletons

A

Exoskeleton: external, surface
Endoskeleton: internal (in vertebrates)
Hydrostatic skeletons: fluid under pressure in a closed body compartment

24
Q

Exoskeleton and its function?

A

external, surface (since this is the type of skeleton in invertebrates, it is the most common type of skeleton)
Support, protection

25
Q

Endoskeleton and its function?

A

internal (in vertebrates)

Support, protection of internal organs, movement, store minerals

26
Q

Hydrostatic skeletons and their function?

A

fluid under pressure in a closed body compartment

movement

27
Q

External Fertilization in vertebrates?

A 
Most fish (cold-blooded) 
- Sharks have internal fertilization

Amphibians (cold-blooded)
frogs

28
Q

Internal Fertilization

A

Reptiles (cold-blooded)

Birds (warm-blooded)

Mammals (warm-blooded)

29
Q

Amniotes?

A

vertebrates which have a fetal tissue known as the amnion, which surrounds and protects the fetus
Reptiles, birds, mammals

30
Q

Amniotic cavity with fluid function

A

protects from injury & dehydration (no desiccation of developing offspring)
Yolk sac: nutrients
(like the seed)

31
Q

How do the embryos breathe inside the amniotic eggs?

A

through the pores

32
Q

5 Criteria of classification of animals?

A

Tissue organization: present or absent

Body symmetry & development

Body cavity *

Embryonic development

Segmentation

33
Q

if an organism has no true tissues, it belongs to which phyla?

A

No true tissues: Phylum Porifera (sponges)

34
Q

90% of chordates are __

A

vertebrates

35
Q

Placenta? its function?

A

Organ of exchange (food, wastes) between mom & developing embryo

Allows young to stay in mom until embryonic development complete or almost complete

36
Q

oviparity?

A

expulsion of undeveloped eggs rather than live young

37
Q

viviparity?

A

Placental mammals

38
Q

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

A

true tissues

Biology 1 (39 decks)

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