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EAS > Lecture 8: Volcanoes > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of Central Eruptions?

A
  • Shield volcanoes
  • Volcanic domes
  • Cinder cone volcanoes
  • Composite volcanoes
  • Craters/Calderas
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2
Q

Describe Shield Volcanoes

A
  • Mostly Basaltic lava that flows nicely

* Usually wide and flat

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3
Q

What are examples of Shield Volcanoes?

A
  • Mauna Loa

* Olympus Mons Mars

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4
Q

Describe Volcanic Domes

A
  • Silica rich lava
  • Rhyolite or Andesite
  • Flow less readily
  • Associated with violent eruptions
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5
Q

What are examples of Volcanic dome eruptions?

A

Mount St. Helens

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6
Q

Describe Cinder-Cone Volcanoes

A
  • Entirely pyroclastic material
  • Steep sides
  • Relatively small
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7
Q

What is an example of a Cinder-Cone Volcano?

A

Paricutin Volcano Mexico

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8
Q

Describe Stratavolcanoes?

A

•Alternating pyroclastic layers and lava flows

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9
Q

What are examples of Stratovolcanoes?

A
  • Mount Fuji

* Mount Vesuvius

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10
Q

What are Calderas?

A

Craters that form in the depressions of volcanoes when the magma chamber empties and the sides collapse in

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11
Q

What is an example of a Resurgent Caldera?

A

Yellowstone

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12
Q

What is an example of a Caldera?

A

Crater Lake Oregon

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13
Q

What is Pyroclastic flow?

A

Mixture of hot gases, ash and rocks that flow down from volcanoes

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14
Q

What is an example of Pyroclastic flow?

A

Mount Vesuvius (Pompeii)

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15
Q

What are Phreatic eruptions?

A

When magma mixes with water causing explosions. Can happen in island arcs

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16
Q

What is an example of Phreatic eruptions?

A

Krakatoa Indonesia

17
Q

What are Fissure eruptions?

A

When basalt lava flows from linear lines

18
Q

Where do fissure eruptions occur?

A

At spreading centers of mid ocean ridges

19
Q

What do Large Fissure Eruption on land lead to?

A

Large Igneous Provinces

20
Q

What is an example of a Fissure eruption?

A

The Laki eruption in iceland

21
Q

What is an Example of a Large igneous province?

A

Siberian Traps

22
Q

What are Ditremes?

A

Focused eruptions of magma from the asthenosphere that leave tall sharp structures

23
Q

What are Kimberlites?

A

A form of Diatremes that contain diamonds

24
Q

What is Nuclear Winter?

A

When dust from eruptions lowers the global temperature

25
Q

What is Lahar?

A

Volcanic ash and water which can create a special type of mud flow

EAS (33 decks)

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