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EAS > Lecture 3: The Rock Cycle > Flashcards

Lecture 3: The Rock Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is Outcrop?

A

Rock exposed above sea level to wind water and rain

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2
Q

What is the origin of Metamorphic rocks?

A

They are usually a converted igneous or sedimentary rock

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3
Q

How can Metamorphic rock become igneous rock?

A

Through melting the metamorphic rock

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4
Q

What are the two types of igneous rock?

A

Intrusive and extrusive

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5
Q

How can igneous rock become Metamorphic rock?

A

Through deep burial

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6
Q

How do igneous rocks form?

A

By the crystallization of magma that originates from the earth’s crust

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7
Q

What is the size of crystals formed by Intrusive igneous rocks?

A

Large crystals

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8
Q

What is the first mineral to crystallize out of intrusive igneous rocks?

A

Olivine

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9
Q

What is the order of minerals that crystalize out of igneous rocks?

A

Olivine
Pyroxene
Plagioclase
Feldspar

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10
Q

What size are the grains that form from Extrusive igneous rock?

A

Tiny crystals because it cools so rapidly large crystals do not have time to form

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11
Q

What does Mafic refer to?

A

Dark colored Ferromagnesian rocks like olivine and pyroxene

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12
Q

What does Felsic refer to?

A

Lighter colored rocks that are made with elements like silicon

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13
Q

How do Extrusive Pyroclasts form?

A

They form from violent eruptions from lava thrown high in the air

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14
Q

What are the two types of Extrusive igneous rocks?

A

Basalt and Rhyolite

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15
Q

What are the two type of Intrusive igneous rocks?

A

Gabbro and Granite

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16
Q

What is the size of Porphyritic crystals?

A

They are a mix and match of both coarse and fine

17
Q

What are the 4 types of Volcanism?

A

Ocean-Ocean Convergence
Spreading Center
Hot spot
Ocean-Continent Convergence

18
Q

What occurs in Ocean Ocean convergence?

A

When one ocean plate slides underneath another and magma rises into a volcano

19
Q

What occurs in Spreading Center Volcanoes?

A

Magma from the mantle rises and forms Basalt rocks

20
Q

What occurs in Hot Spot Volcanoes?

A

When mantle plumes rise all the way from the core to the surface

21
Q

What occurs in Ocean Continent convergence?

A

Ocean plate sliding under a continental plate

22
Q

What are Chemical or Biochemical sediments?

A

New mineral grains that form by precipitation from water after a state supersaturation is achieved

23
Q

What are Clastic sediments?

A

Sediments that are found on the earths surface as loose particles and are deposited by running water, wind or ice

24
Q

What is Lithification?

A

When sedimentation is buried, compacted and cemented to form a rock

25
Q

What are the steps in Sedimentary Rock Formation?

A 
Weathering
Erosion
Transportation
Deposition
Burial 
Diagenesis
26
Q

Why are some rocks more easily weathered?

A

Rocks that form at higher temperatures are easily weathered because they are further from equilibrium

27
Q

What is the order of easily weathered to least easily weathered?

A 
Olivine
Pyroxene
Amphibole
Feldspar
Quartz
28
Q

What are the two types of sedimentary rocks?

A

Clastic and Non-Clastic

29
Q

What rock does Mud form after temperature and pressure?

A

Shale

30
Q

What rock does Sand form after temperature and pressure?

A

Sandstone

31
Q

What rock does Gravel form after temperature and pressure?

A

Conglomerate

32
Q

What do Diatoms form after temperature and pressure?

A

Oil and Gas

33
Q

What does Plant material form after temperature and pressure?

A

Coal

34
Q

What is an example of Chemical sedimentation?

A

When calcium ions and carbonate ions precipitate out of ocean water to create calcium carbonate or calcite

35
Q

How are Metamorphic rocks produced?

A

When high temperatures and pressures deep in the earth’s crust cause existing rocks to change their mineralogy, texture or chemical composition

36
Q

What is Regional Metamorphism?

A

When high pressures and temperatures extend over large regions ie mountain forming

37
Q

What is Contact Metamorphism?

A

Where high temperatures are restricted to smaller areas such as the rocks near a contact intrusion

38
Q

How does CO2 get removed from the atmosphere?

A

It reacts with water to fomr carbonic acid which ionized to form hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions that react with rock weathering it to form sedimentary rock and become fixed in the in the rock cycle

39
Q

How does an increase in CO2 affect the climate?

A

It decreases the temperature of the climate and reduces the rate of weathering

EAS (33 decks)

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