Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EAS > Lecture 2: Minerals > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What are Minerals?

A

Naturally occuring, inorganic, solid element or compound with a definite chemical composition and a regular internal crystal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Minerals chemically?

A

They can be one type of element or metals or they may be compounds with different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of a Mineral that contains only one type of element?

A

Diamonds (made of carbon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some minerals that are made only of Metals?

A

Gold
Silver
Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some minerals that contain compounds of several different elements?

A

Clays (which are Al, Si)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 ways a mineral can form?

A

Crystallization from magma
Crystal growth in solid state
Precipitation from solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can a Mineral form from magma?

A

As the magma cools, minerals begin to form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can a Mineral grow in the Solid state?

A

Changing the temperature or pressure of an already formed mineral will alter it into something completely different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can a Mineral grow from Precipitation from a solution?

A

When a state of supersaturation is reached in an aqueous solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Polymorphs?

A

Minerals with the same chemical composition but different structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what conditions is Natural Diamond formed?

A

At high pressures and temperatures in earth’s mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In what conditions is Graphite formed?

A

At lower pressures and temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of Minerals?

A 
Native Elements
Oxides
Halides
Carbonates
Sulfates
Silicates
Sulfides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the defining anions of Native Element Minerals?

A

None ex. Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the defining anions of Oxide Minerals?

A

Oxygen ion (O2-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of an Oxide Mineral?

A

Hematite (Fe2O3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the defining anions of Halide Minerals?

A

Chloride (Cl-)
Fluoride (F-)
Bromide (Br-)
Iodide (I-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of a Halide Mineral?

A

Halite (NaCl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the defining anions of Carbonate Minerals?

A

Carbonate ion (CO3 2-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of Carbonate minerals?

A

Calcite (CaCO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the defining anions of Sulfate Minerals?

A

Sulfate ions (SO4 2-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is an example of a Sulfate Mineral?

A

Anhydrite (CaSO4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the defining anions of Silicate Minerals?

A

Silicate ion (SiO4 4-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an example of a Silicate ion?

A

Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the defining anions of Sulfide Minerals?

A

Sulfide ion (S2-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is an example of Sulfide Mineral?

A

Pyrite (FeS2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the most abundant minerals in the earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the two Silicate minerals that are most abundant in the earth’s crust?

A

Feldspar and Quartz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are Silicates classified?

A

The linking of the silica tetrahedral and their composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the ways that Silica can link?

A

Rings, chains, sheets, framework

31
Q

What are some of the compositions of Silicates?

A

Ferromagnesium
Aluminosilicate
Interlayer cations

32
Q

What are Ferromagnesians rich in?

A

Iron and Magnesium

33
Q

What are Aluminosilicates rich in?

A

Aluminium and Silicone

34
Q

What interlayer cations in Feldspars?

A

Na+, Ca 2+, K+

35
Q

What is Quartz made of?

A

Silicate tetrahedra arranged in the same way as diamond

36
Q

What are the 5 ways that Silica Tetrahedron can link up?

A 
Single Tetrahedron
Single Chain
Double Chain
Sheet
Network/Framework
37
Q

What is an example of Single Tetrahedron Silicate structure?

A

Olivine

38
Q

What is the chemical formula for Olivine?

A

Mg2SiO4

39
Q

What is an example of a single chain Silicate structure?

A

Pyroxene group

40
Q

What is an exampe of a double chain silicate structure?

A

Amphibole group

41
Q

What is an example of a Sheet Silicate structure?

A

Mica

42
Q

What are 2 example of Network silicate structure?

A

Feldspar and Quartz

43
Q

What are Ferromagnesian Minerals rich in?

A

Iron and Magnesium

44
Q

What is the color Ferromagnesian minerals?

A

Dark

45
Q

What do Fe and Mg do in Ferromagnesian minerals?

A

Serve as cations that bind the silicate tetrahedra together

46
Q

What are the first minerals to crystalize out of magma?

A

Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphiboles

47
Q

What kind of temperatures do Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphiboles form at?

A

Highest temperatures

48
Q

Which minerals weather easily?

A

The ones that form at highest temperatures and crystalize out of magma first: Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphiboles

49
Q

What is the composition of Aluminosilicate minerals?

A

Rich in silicate and aluminium

Deficient in iron and magnesium

50
Q

What are two types of Aluminosilicate minerals?

A

Feldspar and Plagioclase

51
Q

What typically weather to form clays?

A

Feldspar

52
Q

What are the usual Cations in Feldspars?

A

Ca, K or Na

53
Q

What color are the Aluminosilicate minerals?

A

Dark colored

54
Q

What are Clay minerals formed from?

A

The alteration of aluminium silicates in both felsic and mafic rocks

55
Q

What are Non-silicates classified according to?

A

The chemical composition of the anion and the type of cation

56
Q

What are the common Non-Silicates?

A 
Native elements
Carbonates
Sulfates
Sulfides
Oxides
Hydroxides
Halides
57
Q

What are Native Elements?

A

Minerals made up of just one element

58
Q

What are examples of Native elements?

A

Gold
Silver
Diamond

59
Q

What do all Carbonates have in common?

A

The carbonate anion (CO3 2-) and are linked together by different cations

60
Q

What is the most common Carbonate?

A

The mineral Calcite

61
Q

What is the chemical formula of the mineral Calcite?

A

CaCO3

62
Q

Which rocks is Calcite a chief constituent in?

A

Limestone and Marble

63
Q

What is common to all Sulfate minerals?

A

They are contain the sulfate anion SO4 2-

64
Q

What is type of mineral is Gypsum?

A

A sulfate

65
Q

What do all Sulfide Minerals have in common?

A

They contain the sulfide anion S2-

66
Q

What is the most common sulfide mineral?

A

Pyrite (FeS2)

67
Q

What happens when you oxidize a pyrite?

A

Acid mine drainage occurs

68
Q

What are Hydroxides and Oxides?

A

Minerals compounds in which O2- or OH- is bonded to metal cations

69
Q

Why are Hydroxides and Oxides of great economic imortance?

A

Because they are a primary source of Fe, Al, Mn and Ti

70
Q

What are the common Hydroxides?

A

Ferric Hydroxide and Gibbsite

71
Q

What are the common Oxides?

A

Magnetite and Hematite

72
Q

Why is Color not a reliable indicator?

A

Because it often varies from specimen to specimen do to small amounts of chemical impurities

73
Q

What is the acid test?

A

Dropping HCl on calcite to see if it bubbles

EAS (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions