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eas > Lecture 20: Atmosphere 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 20: Atmosphere 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures say?

A

The mixture of gasses can be expressed as the sum of partial pressures and this represents their concentration

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2
Q

How is Latent Heat affected when going from condensation of water vapor to liquid vapour?

A

Latent heat is released

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3
Q

How is Melting of Ice Negative Feedback?

A

The melting of ice causes the surrounding air to cool, buffering the melting

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4
Q

What is Saturation Pressure?

A

The partial pressure of water at saturation in the air

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5
Q

What does Saturation Pressure represent?

A

The maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold when in equilibrium with liquid water or ice at a particular temperature

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6
Q

What is Relative Humidity?

A

The partial pressure of water divided by the saturation pressure

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7
Q

What can occur if relative humidity is 100%?

A

Condensation can occur

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8
Q

What can change Relative humidity?

A

The partial pressure of water vapor and or the temperature

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9
Q

How does Relative Humidity change as the temperature goes up and water vapor stays the same?

A

Relative humidity will decrease while temperature increases

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10
Q

What is the Adiabatic Lapse rate?

A

The rate at which the atmosphere’s temperature decreases with elevation or altitude in the atmosphere

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11
Q

What is Nucleation energy?

A

When the first drop of condensation requires energy rather than releasing latent heat

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12
Q

What can Nucleation result in?

A

Clouds and condensation

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13
Q

What forms instead of ice with High Nucleation energy and why?

A

High nucleation energy inhibits ice formation between certain temperatures so instead Supercooled water droplets form

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14
Q

What do Supercooled water droplets in high nucleation energy release?

A

Vapor that condenses on ice crystals, and clouds that can then fall as snow

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15
Q

When do Clouds form?

A

When moist and warm air rises and becomes cooler in Adiabatic cooling

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16
Q

What are the four ways of cloud formation?

A
  • Density lifting
  • Frontal lifting
  • Orographic lifting
  • Convergence lifting
17
Q

Why does Density lifting occur?

A

Because warm, lower density air rises and expands

18
Q

When does Frontal Lifting occur?

A

When the movement of air masses drives warm air over cold air

19
Q

What occurs in Orographic Lifting?

A

Mountain ranges force air masses to rise causing clouds to form

20
Q

What occurs in Convergence lifting?

A

Air masses collide forcing them to rise and form clouds

21
Q

What are the 3 major cloud types?

A

Cumulus, Stratus, and Cirrus

22
Q

What are clouds mainly classified by?

A

Their shape and altitude/position

23
Q

What do Cirrus clouds look like?

A

Wispy summer clouds

24
Q

What do Stratus clouds look like?

A

Low cloudy day clouds

25
Q

What do Cumulus clouds look like?

A

Rolling shade summer clouds

26
Q

What is an accurate description of Cumulus clouds?

A

Flat base and a domed top

27
Q

Where do Cumulus clouds form?

A

In lower altitudes

28
Q

What is an accurate description of Stratus clouds?

A

Horizontal extensive flat layers

29
Q

When and where do stratus clouds typically form?

A

Stratus clouds typically form at low altitudes where where warm air spread over cold air

30
Q

What is an accurate description of Cirrus clouds and when and where do they form?

A

Wispy and high altitude that typically form above 6km and they are typical ice-particle clouds

31
Q

What are Cumulonimbus clouds associated with?

A

Rain and lightning

32
Q

What are Nimbostratus clouds associated with and what do they look like?

A

Flat clouds that cover the entire sky associated with heavy rain or snow

33
Q

How do Stratocumulus clouds form and what are they associated with?

A

When cumulus clouds merge to form a semi continuous layer that look pillowy and forms no condensation

34
Q

What is the ultimate driving force of atmospheric circulation, weather and climate and ocean currents?

A

Solar Radiation

35
Q

What is energy flux?

A

The amount of energy in an electromagnetic wave that passes perpendicularly through a unit surface area per time measures in watts per square meter

36
Q

What is the flux of any point on earth dependant on?

A

The angle at which solar radiation intercepts the surface. It is lower away from the equator

37
Q

What causes seasons?

A

The tilt of the earth

38
Q

What does Precession determine?

A

Which hemisphere points towards the sun at certain points in its orbit

39
Q

What is the only orbital factor that can affect incoming solar flux?

A

Eccentricity

eas (33 decks)

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