Lecture 11: Sedimentary Rocks

Question 1

What type of rock is the majority of rocks on earth?

Answer 1

Igneous

Question 2

What type of rock is the majority of rock on land?

Answer 2

Sedimentary

Question 3

What is much of the ocean covered in?

Answer 3

Mud

Question 4

What are Clastic sedimentary rocks formed from?

Answer 4

The products of mechanical weathering of pre-existing rocks

Question 5

What are chemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 5

Rocks that form from the precipitation of minerals from supersaturasolutions

Question 6

What are biological sedimentary rocks composed of?

Answer 6

The shells of plankton

Question 7

What conditions are well sorted sediments from?

Answer 7

Prolonged water or wind or action

Question 8

What conditions are Poorly sorted sediments from?

Answer 8

They are not far removed from their source

Question 9

What are the layers of sediment called individually?

Answer 9

Beds

Question 10

What are the layers of sediment called collectively?

Answer 10

Strata

Question 11

What is cross bedding?

Answer 11

When sediments are layered at an angle due to wind or water

Question 12

What is wave ripple formation?

Answer 12

Very small dunes of sand or silt whose long dimensions are at right angles to the wave direction

Question 13

What is Graded bedding?

Answer 13

When there are coarse grains at the base and fine grains at the top usually deposited by turbidity currents

Question 14

What is Bioturbation?

Answer 14

When sediments are broken up by animals that often make cylindrical tubes or burrows

Question 15

What are the two parts to Diagenesis?

Answer 15

Compaction and Cementation

Question 16

What occurs in compactions?

Answer 16

Water is squeezed out

Question 17

What occurs in Cementation?

Answer 17

Minerals precipitate out cements the rocks together`

Question 18

What forms Shale in sedimentary rock?

Answer 18

Mud

Question 19

At what temperature and pressure does Crude oil from?

Answer 19

100º and 3000m

Question 20

At what temperature and pressure does Gas form?

Answer 20

150º and 4000m

Question 21

What is Maturation?

Answer 21

When organic matter in sediments is converted to oil and gas

Question 22

What type of Rock is the vast majority of sedimentary rock?

Answer 22

Siltstone
Mudstone
Shale

Question 23

What sediment makes conglomerate?

Answer 23

Boulder
Cobble
Pebble

Question 24

What sediment makes sandstone?

Answer 24

Sand

Question 25

What sediment makes siltstone?

Answer 25

Silt

Question 26

What sediment makes Shale?

Answer 26

Clay

Question 27

What are two types of Biological rock?

Answer 27

Limestone and Chert

Question 28

What are two types of Chemical rocks?

Answer 28

Iron formation and Evaporite

Question 29

What is the chemical composition of limestone?

Answer 29

Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

Question 30

What are the minerals of limestone?

Answer 30

Calcite and aragonite

Question 31

What are Carbonate platforms produced by?

Answer 31

Organisms that precipitate calcium carbonate

Question 32

What are chemical sediments?

Answer 32

Minerals that precipitate out of seawater

Question 33

What is the order of minerals that precipitate out of seawater?

Answer 33

Limestone
Gypsum (CaSO4)
Halite
Potash (KCl)

Question 34

What are banded iron formations rich in?

Answer 34

Iron and Silica