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EAS > Lecture 28: Resource Cycle > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Resource Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are Renewable resources?

A

Those replenished by new growth each season, including food crops, wood, running, water, fisheries

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2
Q

What are Non-renewable resources?

A

Those replenished only on longer timescales, including most minerals, fossil fuels

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3
Q

What was the traditional view of resources?

A

Resources are limitless

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4
Q

What is the range of the effects of the waste on resources?

A

They can be benign or relatively harmless

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5
Q

What caused the increase use of resources?

A

The increase in human in population

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6
Q

What is the meaning of earth being a closed system?

A

Wastes and byproducts (pollution) returned from extraction, production, manufacturing, and consumption directly impact the human economy

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7
Q

How can we extend non-renewable resources?

A

Through conservation, reuse, recycling or substitution

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8
Q

What is the key to managing renewable resources?

A

To use them at a rate that does no exceed the replenishment rate

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9
Q

What do forests link?

A

The biosphere to the hydrosphere, geosphere and atmosphere

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10
Q

What do forests provide to as resources?

A
  • Timber
  • Fuel
  • Latex
  • Nuts
  • Fruits
  • Oils
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11
Q

What were the consequences of clearcutting?

A

Loss of root systems that hold soils together, causing widespread soil erosion, nutrient loss and accumulation of debris in adjacent streams and rivers

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12
Q

What are the modern strategies for harvesting forests?

A
  • Cut blocks

* Selective harvesting

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13
Q

What is Cut blocks?

A

Small clear cut areas surrounded by forest

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14
Q

What is selective harvesting?

A

Where only trees of a certain maturity are removed and to a level that will prevent ecosystem damage

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15
Q

What are forest a major sink of?

A

Carbon sinks

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16
Q

Why are Tropical rain forests susceptible to the impacts of deforestation?

A

Because tropical soils are nutrient poor and experience greater erosional forces and the root system in tropical forests are shallow

17
Q

What are the two methods of fisheries?

A
  • Capture fisheries

* Aquaculture

18
Q

What are Capture Fisheries?

A

Those in which fish are caught in the wild

19
Q

What is Aquaculture?

A

Raising fish resources in captivity

20
Q

What can capture fisheries lead to?

A

Overexploitation

21
Q

What are the downside to Aquaculture?

A

Loss of natural coastal environments, requires considerable resources to run, can lead to the spread of disease in the fish population

22
Q

What puts stress on fishery resources?

A

Overharvesting, pollution, and climate change

23
Q

What can continued overuse of fishery resources lead to?

A

Commercial extinction

24
Q

What lays on the cusp of renewable and non-renewable resource?

A

Soil

25
Q

What are the soil horizons?

A

O, A, E, B, C Horizon

26
Q

What are the threats to soil resources?

A
  • Loss of nutrients due to overproduction
  • Contamination due to pesticides and herbicides
  • Overfertilization
  • Erosion and loss
  • Compaction
27
Q

How can soil erosion be minimized?

A

By employing proper crop rotation techniques, preventing soil pollution, terracing on sloped land, and optimizing irrigation, pesticides, herbicide and fertilizer applications

28
Q

What causes Eutrophication?

A

Excess nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen leaching from agriculture

29
Q

What does eutrophication lead to?

A

Dead organisms in the water due to dead plants consuming all the oxygen

30
Q

What are the downsides to Dams?

A

Habitat loss, the modification of river ecosystems,the modification of seasonal discharge rates and patterns and the reduction of sediment downstream

31
Q

What are the downsides of Reservoirs that form behind dams?

A

They are inefficient and lose water to evaporation and groundwater

32
Q

What occured in the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan?

A

Water was diverted from rivers that feed the sea for irrigation projects causing their fishing industry to collapse and the sea to now be empty of all water

33
Q

What are the negative consequences of groundwater mining?

A

Pumping water out of aquifers that exceeds the rate at which water enters causing irreversible changes in aquifers include the permanent loss of porosity. Ex. Ogallala

EAS (33 decks)

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