lecture 8- social stressors and health

Question 1

what are macro social influences

Answer 1

large scale influences that are above an individuals control

Question 2

what are some of the issues that arise with macro social ifnleucnes surroduing health

Answer 2

dominant public health policy assumes individuals are responsible for their own health- illness is soon due to seen as fault of individual

Question 3

what % of the world live in lown income

Answer 3

70%- they lack acess to basic necessities like safe water

Question 4

what is a higher SES associated with

Answer 4

better health and longer life expectancy

Question 5

what is social capital

Answer 5

the idea that social relationships are resources- trust and safety repciprocity diversity etc.

Question 6

the more social capital you have…

Answer 6

the better off you are

Question 7

luo et al measured teh assoication between what two variables

Answer 7

mortality and loneliness

Question 8

what was the findings of luo et als study

Answer 8

measured who died and who didnt and the best preductor over the 6 years is loneliness but other factors had an impact

Question 9

what are the gender differences in life span?

Answer 9

men die earlier than women but women have poorer health

Question 10

what were the gender differences between illness types

Answer 10

women suffer more non life threatening illnesses

Question 11

what are the impact of gender stereotypes on health and social stressors

Answer 11

social constucts of masculinity and feminity impact them- more likey to adopt risky bheaviour.

Question 12

what is neurosexism

Answer 12

assumption that differences between males and females is due to brain development and socialisation is not responsible.

Question 13

what is the difference in performance for teh metnal rotation task

Answer 13

men signficantly better tahn women which was suggested to be because of mens need for spatial intelligence

Question 14

what was later found for the difference between mental rotation performance

Answer 14

actual redicting factors were lego and if you played with it as a child.

Question 15

what is the health of minotiry groups

Answer 15

generally poorer than that of the majority population.

Question 16

how are racial minorities and ethnic groups subect to discrimination in health care

Answer 16

reduces access but also poorer communication levels

Question 17

what are the short term consequences of racism on stress levels

Answer 17

short term consequences- activation of HPA axis: releases cortisol in the blood stream which has effects of blood pressure.

Question 18

what are the long term consequences of racism and stress

Answer 18

blunted stress response, makes the HPA response ineffective, not going to adapt to stress anymore disregulating the immune response

Question 19

how does health unofficially favour the majority over the minority

Answer 19

ignore the cultural, lifestyle an dlanguage differences

Question 20

stigma: what is devalued social identity?

Answer 20

unfavourable to people who possess attributes that are undersirabl, source of distress and denial of empolyment oppurtunities

Question 21

what is stereotype threat?

Answer 21

beign aware of stigma is enough to have an effect, fear of conforming to negative stereotypes about group often experienced among women in stem.

Question 22

spencer et al 1999- studied…

Answer 22

men and women on a math test, either told no gender difference or reinforce the stereotype that men are historically better at maths than women.

Question 23

what were the results of spencer et al 1999 study on stereotypes during a maths test

Answer 23

if gender difference women did a lot worse than in the control- but stereotype lift occurs with the men

Question 24

how did vick et al 200 adapt sencer et al 1999’s study

Answer 24

measured their blood pressure- stereotype threat: mens pressure dropped and womens increased. Control: men pressure increased and womens dropped.

Question 25

cheryan et al 2009 onducted what study into the role of environment on stereotypes

Answer 25

masculine environment versus neutral environment of a science lab

Question 26

what was the results of cheryan et al’s 2009 study

Answer 26

masculine environment womens interest went down compared to the neutral science lab.

Question 27

what is self contorl failure?

Answer 27

stereotype threat requires high self-monitroing and pronlonged suppression of emotions and behaviour

Question 28

inzlicht et al 2006 found

Answer 28

when women told gender differencs on aths test tey struggled to complete a hand grip task afterwards.