lecture 6- stereotype activation and application Flashcards
social categorisation
what is the process of placing others into social groups?
we place others into groups based on shared characteristics such as gender, race age and this forms beliefs about group members and these guide future interactions.
what are basic social categories
gender, race and age = make quick judgements.
what does intersectionality refer to in social categorisation?
refers to idea that individuals belong to more than one social category e.g. black and female, overlapping identities can affect their experiences and perceptions.
what is prototypicality for social categorisation?
how much an individuals features match the typical characteristics of a basic social category- more prototypical you are the easier categorised.
how are ambiguous faces categorised in social groups?
faces that dont clearly fit into one category tend to be placed in minority groups show how categorisation can be influenced by uncertainty.
role of body cues in social categorisation
body size and motion can provide important information about an individuals social group membership.
what are top down influences on social categorisation
pre-exisiting stereotypes or impressions fromed through associtating them with particular characteristics shape the way we categorise individuals.
how does social context influence categories?
context influences which stereotypes or categories are activated- social setting might make a race or gender a more prominent category.
prejudiced attitudes affect categories how
racist attitudes or prefjudiced attitudes can focus on particular group traits leading individuals to categorise others based primarily on these traits.
what did freeman’s et al study show about gender and sexuality categories?
men with feminine features were more likely to be categorised as gay whereas women with masculine features were more likely categorised as lesbians.
how do we learn stereotypes?
from parents, peers, the media and personal observations shaping how we perceive different social groups
what is social role theory
people form stereotypes by observing the roles others occupy and iferring that their behaviour is due to personality traits.
what is an illusory correlation in stereotype context?
occurs when people overestimate the relationship between two categories especially when negative or undesirable information stands out.
how does media exposure influence stereotypes?
media exposure tends to depicts majority group members more frequently than minority groups- reinforcing stereotypes e.g. women shown in domestic roles and men in professional.
what did johar et al study on gender and role expectations reveal?
commercials depicting men and women in tradition roles influenced how individuals envisioned thier future e.g. women more likely to describe as homemakers whereas men were not influences in the same way.
stereotype endorsement
how much someone personally believes the stereotype is accurate
what is stereotype knowledge
extent to which someone is familiar with a stereotype
stereotype activation
the extent to which a stereotype is accessible in ones mind and can be applied in a given situation
stereotype application
refers to how much someone uses a stereotype to judge or evaluate an individual impacting their behaviour or decisions.
what is intersectional invisibility?
the phenomeon when a person fits into multiple marginalised identities e.g. black and female- are less likely to be recognised as prototypical members of either group.
what is an advantage of intersectional invisibility
may not have marginalised identities activated reducing stereotype application
disadvantages of intersectional invisibility
less recognised or heard and experinces may be understudied
what is dual stereotyping and double jeopardy
stereotyped based on multiple identities leading to multiple jeporady- individuals face compounded discrimination and fewer allies or role models
how does situation affect stereotypes?
environment and timing of a situation can infuence whether stereotypes are activated e.g. when stressed rely more on stereotypes.
how does WM impact stereotype activation
cognitive busyness can disrupt stereotype activation as there is less mental space to be able to activated a stereotype.
gilbert and hixons study find about cognitive busyness and stereotypes
people who were cognitively busy were less likely to use stereotypical language when completing a task- cognitive load can reduce stereotype activation.
what does the weapons identification task measure
assess how quickly and accurately individuals can identify weapons versus tools after being primed with black or white faces.
what is myopia in social behaviour?
make decisions based on immediate easily available information without considering long-term consequences,, triggered when tired or influence of alcohol.
