lecture 7- strategies to reduce bias

Question 1

why is control really important within stereotypes

Answer 1

if someone is trying to be unprejuidced they may include this as their ideal self. ISSUES: stereotype activation, not aware of effects ad are then unable to inhibit unconscious behaviour

Question 2

petzel et al 2022 found what was more likely to happen when fatigued

Answer 2

more likely to perceive a tool as a gun when faced with a black fae- because when fatigued and tired our automatic impulses slip out.

Question 3

actively engaging in control…

Answer 3

lead to making it easier to suppress stereotypes e.g. negative stereotypes

Question 4

what is meant by internal motivation to control prejudice

Answer 4

personal belief that it is wrong

Question 5

what is external motivation to control prejudice

Answer 5

social pressure or expectations

Question 6

which type of motivation is associated with lower prejudice

Answer 6

internal motivation

Question 7

why is external motivations associated with higher prejudice?

Answer 7

feeling pressure so you become irritated and resentful- does not necessarily prevent discrimination only in certain contexts such as professional.

Question 8

devine et al found what about IAT scores

Answer 8

scores reduce when high internal

Question 9

farrell et al changed what

Answer 9

wording to fit internal and external motivated

Question 10

how can we deal with unwanted prejudice thoughts

Answer 10

suppression

Question 11

what happens after suppression

Answer 11

unwanted thoughts return in greater strength- bring stereotypes to conscious awareness but when self control runs out then stereotypes are still tere and arguably more readily available

Question 12

what is a strategy for reducing bias

Answer 12

perspective taking

Question 13

what is perpsective taking as a strategy?

Answer 13

make an active effort to take anothers perspective, it involves bringing knowledge about a day in the life for an individual

Question 14

examples of ways we can perspective taking

Answer 14

writing a day in the life essay about a social group member or listen to an interview

Question 15

what are the results of perspective taking

Answer 15

leads to more positive attitudes about the outgroup as well- exhibit less bias explicitly and implicity.

Question 16

why perspective taking

Answer 16

see how experiences overlap with each other- associations begin to be made.

Question 17

how can perspective taking backfire ?

Answer 17

backfire those with strong identity nothing will shift their attitude- also may lack understanding of what they may go through in terms of bias

Question 18

petzel et al 2024- brought in… to take…

Answer 18

male academics to take perspective of a woman, traditional measures are elminiated by our imagination

Question 19

van zomeren et al 2008- found what model

Answer 19

social identity model of collective action

Question 20

collective action is…

Answer 20

the actions taken by group to achieve goal, precursors to collective action: being aware of perceived injustices, relevance to social identity and self confidence.

Question 21

what are the central routes for the elaboration likelihood model

Answer 21

expert sources of information- within gender issues, if it comes from soneone who is in the ingroup.

Question 22

peripheral routes

Answer 22

promotion of empathy, taking perspective of a female scientist= measured through virtual relaity.

Question 23

according to the ape model what can change assoications

Answer 23

changes in propositional beliefs

Question 24

what is intergroup contact thoery

Answer 24

contacct hypothesis- under the proper conditions, interaction between ingroup and outgroup members leads to positive change.

Question 25

wht are some of the limitations of intergorup contact theory

Answer 25

hard to facillitate, it can be harmful when negative contact reinforces a stereotype, not effective for those high in prejudice.

Question 26

what is extended contact

Answer 26

a freind who has a friend of the ourgorup- see someone else abl to have a relationship builds cofnidence that you can do it.

Question 27

what is media contact?

Answer 27

positive portrayals can improve outgroup attitudes effective in both real life and fictional, its a form of perspective taking.

Question 28

what is imagined contact

Answer 28

imagine a conversatiion with an outgroup member, rehearsal cans elf regualte emotions and plan behaviour during potential contect, reduce negative emotions towards outgroup.

Question 29

how does contact work

Answer 29

allows personalisation see outgroup members as infidivudals

Question 30

what is salient categorisation

Answer 30

positive attitudes will get generalised to whoe group if contact is with a typical member of the out group

Question 31

common ingroup identity

Answer 31

recategroise yourslef into a single group that shares a common identity e.g. move from men and women to a shared identity of psychology students