lecture 7- strategies to reduce bias Flashcards
why is control really important within stereotypes
if someone is trying to be unprejuidced they may include this as their ideal self. ISSUES: stereotype activation, not aware of effects ad are then unable to inhibit unconscious behaviour
petzel et al 2022 found what was more likely to happen when fatigued
more likely to perceive a tool as a gun when faced with a black fae- because when fatigued and tired our automatic impulses slip out.
actively engaging in control…
lead to making it easier to suppress stereotypes e.g. negative stereotypes
what is meant by internal motivation to control prejudice
personal belief that it is wrong
what is external motivation to control prejudice
social pressure or expectations
which type of motivation is associated with lower prejudice
internal motivation
why is external motivations associated with higher prejudice?
feeling pressure so you become irritated and resentful- does not necessarily prevent discrimination only in certain contexts such as professional.
devine et al found what about IAT scores
scores reduce when high internal
farrell et al changed what
wording to fit internal and external motivated
how can we deal with unwanted prejudice thoughts
suppression
what happens after suppression
unwanted thoughts return in greater strength- bring stereotypes to conscious awareness but when self control runs out then stereotypes are still tere and arguably more readily available
what is a strategy for reducing bias
perspective taking
what is perpsective taking as a strategy?
make an active effort to take anothers perspective, it involves bringing knowledge about a day in the life for an individual
examples of ways we can perspective taking
writing a day in the life essay about a social group member or listen to an interview
what are the results of perspective taking
leads to more positive attitudes about the outgroup as well- exhibit less bias explicitly and implicity.
why perspective taking
see how experiences overlap with each other- associations begin to be made.
how can perspective taking backfire ?
backfire those with strong identity nothing will shift their attitude- also may lack understanding of what they may go through in terms of bias
petzel et al 2024- brought in… to take…
male academics to take perspective of a woman, traditional measures are elminiated by our imagination
van zomeren et al 2008- found what model
social identity model of collective action
collective action is…
the actions taken by group to achieve goal, precursors to collective action: being aware of perceived injustices, relevance to social identity and self confidence.
what are the central routes for the elaboration likelihood model
expert sources of information- within gender issues, if it comes from soneone who is in the ingroup.
peripheral routes
promotion of empathy, taking perspective of a female scientist= measured through virtual relaity.
according to the ape model what can change assoications
changes in propositional beliefs
what is intergroup contact thoery
contacct hypothesis- under the proper conditions, interaction between ingroup and outgroup members leads to positive change.
wht are some of the limitations of intergorup contact theory
hard to facillitate, it can be harmful when negative contact reinforces a stereotype, not effective for those high in prejudice.
what is extended contact
a freind who has a friend of the ourgorup- see someone else abl to have a relationship builds cofnidence that you can do it.
what is media contact?
positive portrayals can improve outgroup attitudes effective in both real life and fictional, its a form of perspective taking.
what is imagined contact
imagine a conversatiion with an outgroup member, rehearsal cans elf regualte emotions and plan behaviour during potential contect, reduce negative emotions towards outgroup.
how does contact work
allows personalisation see outgroup members as infidivudals
what is salient categorisation
positive attitudes will get generalised to whoe group if contact is with a typical member of the out group
common ingroup identity
recategroise yourslef into a single group that shares a common identity e.g. move from men and women to a shared identity of psychology students
