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J - SOC 321 > Lecture 8: Crime and Deviance on the Internet > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Crime and Deviance on the Internet Flashcards

1
Q

How have technologies changed the landscape of criminality?

A

We need to look beyond traditional approaches to understanding offenders and their decision making.

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2
Q

Cyberactivities

A

Computing activities that rely on internet connectivity (e-mail, online research, streaming media, gaming).

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3
Q

Is internet connectivity required for cyberactivities?

A

No.

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4
Q

Is a computer required for cyberactivities?

A

Yes.

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5
Q

Problem with the elements of crime in cyber activities.

A

Cannot prove actus reus.

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6
Q

Cybercrime includes…

A
  • Phishing.
  • Ripping.
  • Hacking.
  • Luring
  • Stalking.
  • Spamming.
  • Skimming.
  • Trafficking.
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7
Q

Phishing

A

E-mails asking you to click.

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8
Q

Ripping

A

Taking CD’s or software and passing them around.

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9
Q

Hacking

A

Distributed denial-of-service attacks.

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10
Q

Luring

A

Luring people to certain sites.

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11
Q

Stalking

A

Keeps watching for activity. Tries to get you engaged in conversation.

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12
Q

Spamming

A

Sending mass emails.

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13
Q

Skimming

A

Trying to lure targets to give up information.

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14
Q

Trafficking

A

Through the Deep Web. Covert web system. Only small number of people use it. Very limited chance you will be found. Prostitution, human trafficking, drug trafficking, assassinations.

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15
Q

Cybercrime

A

Any criminal offence or series of offences committed through the use of a computer and a computer network or internet connection.

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16
Q

Cyberterrorism

A

Using a computer to orchestrate large-scale “Attacks on information,” including government or critical infrastructure servers or any database of interest to national security.

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17
Q

Difference between cybercrime and e-Crime.

A

Cybercrime is analogous to real-life, offline crimes. Usually directed at individuals, rather than at systems. e-crimes are computer offences committed against financial institutions or the state.

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18
Q

What type of crime includes cyberespionage, cyberterrorosim, and target institutional targets rather than human ones?

A

e-Crime.

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19
Q

___ ___ email was hacked in October 2015 by a teenager.

A

CIA Directors’.

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20
Q

Governmental agencies have had to become more ___ as a result of cybercrime.

A

Flexible.

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21
Q

Recent cases reflect the vulnerability in the ___ ___.

A

Digital age.

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22
Q

Cyberterrorism has the potential to permanently disrupt…

A

The economic or environmental stability of entire nations or regions.

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23
Q

Network attacks against critical infrastructure sites are evident in…

A

Conductor-less trains.

24
Q

The ___ malware was developed by the NSA and Israeli intelligence to destroy Iranian nuclear facilities.

A

Stuxnet.

25
Q

Israeli agents forging passports was an example of how…

A

An incident can involve both online and offline “crime.”

26
Q

How does social media become antisocial?

A

Becomes avenue for antisocial activities.

27
Q

___ model of crime can be applied to cybercriminology.

A

Consensus.

28
Q

How does the consensus model of crime apply to cybercirminology?

A

Determines where the line between crime and deviance is drawn in online communities.

29
Q

Technological Determinism

A

Helps us understand how specific technologies drive cultural changes.

30
Q

Determinism

A

Cause and effect factor. Usually a criticism saying you are jumping to a conclusion.

31
Q

Paraphilia

A

Sexual offences.

32
Q

Deviant Cybercommunities

A

Subcultures or counter-cultures who may never have met, who seek to circumvent the customary user experience of websites or social media,

33
Q

Deviant cybercommunties seek to exploit weaknesses and vulnerabilities, known as…

A

“Soft targets.”

34
Q

What is the paradox of deviant cybercommunities?

A

Cybercommunities serve a “social” purpose but also intensify deviant and antisocial impulses among some.

35
Q

Cyberdeviant paraphilias include:

A
  1. Erotomania.
  2. Exhibitionism.
  3. Scopophilia (voyeurism).
  4. Scatologia.
36
Q

Erotomania

A

Physical stalking of a person (offline) vs. cyberstalking (online).

37
Q

Exhibitionism

A

Flashing (offline) vs. sexting (online).

38
Q

Scopophilia (voyeurism)

A

Secretly watching others (offline) vs. use of a smartphone to secretly record or photograph people (online).

39
Q

Scatologia

A

Obscene phone calls (offline) vs. cyberbullying, cybermobbing, and internet trolling (online).

40
Q

Internet Trolling

A

People that get a kick from twisting from the purpose of the message to anger people.

41
Q

Is criminology properly equipped to handle online offenders?

A

No.

42
Q

Electronic manifestations of identified paraphilias have no clear offline reference. Therefore, they are more difficult to…

A

Define and legislate.

43
Q

Routine activities theory explains that…

A

The amount of time you spend online and the nature of those virtual environments determines your risk of being victimized.

44
Q

Risk increases on Whyte Avenue when you…

A

Step into a pub/club rather than just walking.

45
Q

Research on cyberbullying and cybervictimology must include the assessment of ___.

A

Risk.

46
Q

Routine activities theory says that those who spend ___ time online are at a higher risk of being victimized.

A

More.

47
Q

Problem with online activity is how…

A

They become dependent on their online life for self-esteem or self-worth.

48
Q

Digital media offer cyberbullies access to users who would…

A

Normally not have face-to-face contact with them.

49
Q

Traditional barriers between ___ ___ are obscured, which leads to generational and demographic confusion.

A

Life stages.

50
Q

Cybercrime brings about unforeseen online collisions between groups of people with different values. True or false?

A

True.

51
Q

Bill C-30

A

Expand police powers to conduct online surveillance.

52
Q

Bill C-13

A

Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act.

53
Q

Why was Bill C-30 withdrawn?

A

Expanding police powers clashed with privacy issues.

54
Q

Under Bill C-13, police only require ___ ___ ___ ___ to get a warrant to obtain information about an internet user.

A

Reasonable grounds for suspicion.

55
Q

Is the future of guardianship on the internet determined?

A

No.

56
Q

When faced with an option of whether or not to grant a warrant, judges are more likely to…

A

Grant the warrant.

J - SOC 321 (22 decks)

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