Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

J - SOC 321 > Chapter 9: Issues of Substance Abuse and Related Crime in Adolescence > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Issues of Substance Abuse and Related Crime in Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

Canada is a source for both…

A

Marijuana and designer drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are many of Canada’s intravenous drug users located?

A

In Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Substance Abuse

A

Excessive, unhealthy use of a substance such as alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do governments try to decrease drug use?

A

Drugs may be detrimental to a young person’s future. It is better to prevent use rather than reducing future harms or social costs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What institutions are strained because of drug use?

A

Productivity (business), enforcement and criminal justice, health care, and social-welfare.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Canada’s strategy to reduce drug use, introduced in 2007?

A

National Anti-Drug Strategy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For most drug categories, use is ___.

A

Decreasing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Substance use ___ with age during adolescence.

A

Increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was alcohol originally used for?

A

Nutrition, medicine, relaxation, pleasure, and religious worship.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common drug used by youth?

A

Alcohol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the minimum age to purchase and consume alcohol?

A

19 in all provinces except Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec (18).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alcohol acts as a ___ ___ ___.

A

Nervous system depressant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes alcohol desirable?

A
  1. Increases sociability.

2. Misperceptions about alcohol consumption of peers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of alcohol abuse.

A

Loss of balance, delayed reactions, impaired vision and other senses, confusion, impaired memory, dizziness, vomiting, and unconsciousness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Those who smoke often begin in ___ ___.

A

Early adolescence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the minimum age for purchasing or smoking tobacco?

A

18 or 19.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the stimulant drug within tobacco?

A

Nicotine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is illicit drug use common within the general youth population in Canada?

A

Outside of marijuana, no.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Marijuana is also referred to as a ___ ___.

A

Gateway drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Alternate names for marijuana.

A

Dope, grass, pot, or weed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alternate names for cocaine.

A

Rock, snow, C, or coke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alternate names for heroin.

A

Junk, smack, H, or horse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Examples of inhalants.

A

Gasoline, solvents, aerosol sprays, commercially available gases and nitrites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alternate names for amphetamines.

A

Crank, jib, ice, crystal meth, or meth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Alternate name for amphetamines.

A

Speed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples and alternate names for club drugs.

A

Ecstasy, ketamine, and GHB. MDMA, X, XTC, or hug drug.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Polysubstance Use

A

Using a combination of two or more substances concomitantly.

28
Q

What is a possible explanation of high rates of marijuana use with regards to reporting?

A

Can be more often reported as a result of controversy surrounding the legality of the issue.

29
Q

True or false? There is greater experimentation in adolescence and this carries into adulthood.

A

False, many illicit drug using youth abstain later in adulthood.

30
Q

What is the selection bias challenge when measuring adolescent drug use?

A

It is easy to survey adolescents still in school, but difficult to survey street-involved youth.

31
Q

Social Desirability Effects

A

Biases in research caused by respondents’ desire to provide what they feel is the socially acceptable response or ‘what the researcher wants to hear.’

32
Q

Street-Involved Youth

A

A heterogeneous population of youth between ages 12 and 24 who lack adequate shelter and are considered to live outside the mainstream youth population.

33
Q

List the 3 reasons adolescents use drugs:

A
  1. For pleasure.
  2. As a result of peer pressure.
  3. As a means of coping.
34
Q

While lack of pro-social alternatives can lead to drug use, so can the tendency to seek ___.

A

Pleasure.

35
Q

Inaccurate perceptions adolescents hold with regards to the prevalence and regularity of their ___ drug and alcohol use is an important component of peer pressure.

A

Peers’.

36
Q

When peer pressured because they feel drug use is normative, many adolescents may view drug use as…

A

A social development milestone or a rite of passage.

37
Q

Do individual or social factors alone cause substance abuse?

A

No. It is an interplay of those two factors.

38
Q

Using substances as a means of coping is less prevalent than the other two reasons. However, it has been suggested that it can ___ the other two reasons.

A

Follow.

39
Q

Method of Administration

A

The path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Common methods include smoking, ingestion, injection, and intranasal inhalation.

40
Q

What is the most serious consequence of substance abuse?

A

Death.

41
Q

Binge Drinking

A

Heavy alcohol consumption over a short period of time for the purpose of becoming intoxicated. Generally, the concept is operationalized as the consumption of five or more drinks on one occasion (four or more for females).

42
Q

What are some effects of heavy alcohol use?

A

Reduced attention and executive functions.

43
Q

What are the effects of marijuana use?

A

Memory detriments.

44
Q

What causes psychosis?

A

Stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines).

45
Q

Psychosis

A

A symptom of mental illness involving a substantial alteration to an individual’s personality and a loss of contact with objective reality.

46
Q

Co-Morbidity

A

Two or more independent and coexisting medical conditions.

47
Q

Substance abuse is often co-morbid with ___ ___ issues.

A

Mental health.

48
Q

Dependence

A

When an individual feels that use of a substance is necessary for normal daily functioning or when substance use leads to tolerance. Abruptly stopping use may lead to symptoms of withdrawal.

49
Q

Stigma

A

A behaviour or attribute that causes an individual to be discredited, rejected socially, or negatively stereotyped.

50
Q

Does drugs cause crime or does crime cause drugs?

A

There are underlying factors that cause both.

51
Q

Tripartite Drug-Crime Model by Goldstein (1985):

A

Drug causes crime through:

  1. Psychopharmacological.
  2. Economic compulsive.
  3. Systemic.
52
Q

Psychopharmacological cause of drugs causing crime.

A

Intoxicating effect changes behaviour and causes rule breaking.

53
Q

Economic compulsive cause of drugs causing crime.

A

Drug users commit crime in order to obtain the money ro support expensive drug use.

54
Q

Systemic cause of drugs causing crime.

A

Nature of drug market requires those involved to commit crime to protect territory, maintain supply, and retrieve debts.

55
Q

What are common crimes committed by adolescents?

A

Property damage, public disorder, violent offences, shoplifting and other thefts, and driving offences.

56
Q

DRE Evaluation

A

Drug Recognition Expert Evaluation. A standardized procedure performed by a trained drug recognition expert – involving visual cues, vital signs, questioning, and the provision of bodily fluids by the potentially impaired driver – that is used for determining impairment by drugs or a drug in combination with alcohol.

57
Q

Drugs can lead to higher rates of committing crimes, but can also lead to higher rates of ___.

A

Victimization.

58
Q

Proactive Police Work

A

Enforcement activities that are police initiated, rather than in response to a call for service.

59
Q

Sitters

A

Individuals who are paid to tend to and protect the plants in a marijuana growing operation. Sitters may also appear to legitimately occupy a residence to avoid suspicion.

60
Q

What is an ideal setting to guarantee all children receive intended message of substance abuse prevention programs?

A

Schools.

61
Q

DARE

A

Drug Abuse Resistance Education.

62
Q

What are the most effective type of school-based substance abuse programs?

A

Skill-based, where youth are taught resistance skills and learn about the social influences of substance use while receiving other life-skills training.

63
Q

What are the least effective school-based substance abuse programs?

A

Programs that focus purely on information and knowledge about the harms of drugs.

64
Q

Fear-Based Communication

A

Messages used to frighten youth away from experimentation with substances by emphasizing the potential negative effects of use.

65
Q

Harm-Reduction Strategies

A

Any policies or programs that are designed to reduce the level of harm associated with substance use and abuse without requiring the cessation of use.

66
Q

Is fear-based communication effective?

A

No.

67
Q

Why isn’t fear-based communication effective?

A

When the worst case scenario does not happen, the message bearer loses credibility.

J - SOC 321 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions