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J - SOC 321 > Lecture 1: Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

How is the term “youth” often defined?

A

Culturally.

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2
Q

How does the YCJA define youth?

A

As a person between the ages of 12 and 17.

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3
Q

How does the UN define youth?

A

As a person between the ages of 15 and 24.

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4
Q

Children are considered to be those under…

A

14.

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5
Q

The category of youth can be further divided into these subcategories:

A
  1. Teenagers (13-19) and

2. Young adults (20-24).

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6
Q

What constitutes “youth” in one society may not be true in another society. Give an example of a society that uses a different measure of youth.

A

Societies that use marriage as a measure.

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7
Q

What is a big factor in lower youth populations?

A

The rise in the lone person household.

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8
Q

Youth in the world are increasing/decreasing/staying the same.

A

Decreasing.

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9
Q

Most youth live in…

A

Developing nations.

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10
Q

A very low percentage of youth live in…

A

North America.

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11
Q

Only about __% of people in the U.S. have a degree.

A

30.

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12
Q

Unemployment rate for young people is consistently ___ that of adults.

A

Double.

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13
Q

True hunger and poverty occur only in impoverished nations. True or false?

A

False. Hunger and poverty persists even in the presence of prosperity.

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14
Q

Young people are seen as ___ ___ to ___ drugs.

A

Guinea pigs, test.

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15
Q

By definition, can a young person between the ages of 12-17 be a criminal?

A

No, they are classified as juvenile delinquents.

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16
Q

What is juvenile delinquency?

A

Crime committed by someone between the ages of 12 and 17.

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17
Q

The lack of access to ___ leads to a high rate of youth crime.

A

Leisure-time activities that do not depend on parent’s financial situation.

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18
Q

___ ___ is a major driving force behind globalization.

A

Information technology.

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19
Q

Canada’s population of young ___ is one of the fastest growing demographics.

A

Aboriginals.

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20
Q

By 2026, the number of 15-19 year olds in this segment of the population is predicted to be 37% larger than in 2001, compared to 6% for the rest of the population. This population is…

A

Aboriginal youth.

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21
Q

It is important to ensure provision of ___ ___ for Aboriginal youth as their population expands.

A

Social services.

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22
Q

Single parent homes almost always live in…

A

Relative poverty.

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23
Q

Households where ___ are the leads are more susceptible to poverty than…

A

Women, male-led households.

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24
Q

Why is it the case that women-led single parent households are more susceptible to poverty?

A

Women make a fraction of what the men make in the workplace.

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25
Q

Aboriginal parents are ___ as likely to live in a lone-parent household with a parent of either sex.

A

Twice.

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26
Q

Low-income rates are highest among ___ and ___ ___. 15% of all children aged 5 and under were part of a low-income family.

A

Children and young people.

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27
Q

The prevalence of low-income homes has ___ ___ ___ since peaking in 1996 at a rate of 18%.

A

Decreased by half.

28
Q

In 2009, the unemployment rate was __% for youth aged 15-24, compared to 7% for adults.

A

15.

29
Q

Unemployment rates for Aboriginal youth were at least ___ as high as non-Aboriginal youth in the western provinces in 2006.

A

Twice.

30
Q

Differences between Aboriginal youth and non-Aboriginal youth was most pronounced in ___ areas.

A

Urban.

31
Q

What are CMA’s?

A

Developed by Statistics Canada to analyze information collected. Stands for Census Metropolitan Areas.

32
Q

What proportion of Aboriginal children in CMA’s were living in low-income families?

A

Over half.

33
Q

What is the UCR?

A

A Uniform Crime Reporting survey, which has collected data on all criminal incidents known to, and substantiated by, Canadian police services since 1962.

34
Q

Does poverty cause crime? If not, what does?

A

No, social inequality does.

35
Q

Not having does not cause crime. Explain why.

A

If no one has anything, there is nothing to steal.

36
Q

When does crime happen?

A

When others have to gaze at the good life they could’ve had.

37
Q

Roughly _% of Canadian youth commit crime in any given year. Do these youth go on to become criminals?

A
  1. Not always.
38
Q

Boys are ___ as likely than girls to be involved in violent crime.

A

Twice (30% vs. 15%).

39
Q

What percentage of youth admit to engaging in delinquent behaviours?

A

37%.

40
Q

Do immigrants, or children of immigrants commit more crime than Canadians?

A

No. In fact, they are shown to commit less crime.

41
Q

What is the peak age for crime?

A

18 (sometimes 17).

42
Q

After 18, the trend of crime is a ___ one.

A

Downward.

43
Q

Does the fact that 18 years is the peak age of crime mean that youth commit the most crime?

A

No.

44
Q

More than half of youths accused of committing a crime were dealt with using…

A

Extrajudicial measures.

45
Q

Most crimes are committed by young people. True or false?

A

False.

46
Q

What percentage of Criminal Code violations were committed by youths?

A

13.1%.

47
Q

Females accounted for ___ ___ of youth accused by police of having committed a criminal code office.

A

One-quarter.

48
Q

Over the past decade, there have been decreases in:

A
  1. Overall crime rate.
  2. Property crime rate.
  3. Violent crime rate.
49
Q

What is the Crime Severity Index?

A

A measure that takes into account how serious the crime committed are.

50
Q

Crimes committed in the ___ are typically much more egregious.

A

Territories.

51
Q

Media portrays youth as ___ ___.

A

Crass consumers.

52
Q

What does it mean when media portrays youth as crass consumers?

A

All they care about are their next toys, having fun, and new things.

53
Q

What does it mean when media portrays youth as chronic hedonists?

A

They are seen as pure pleasure-seekers.

54
Q

Who came up with the idea of moral panic?

A

Stanley Cohen.

55
Q

What are the 3 characteristics media gives youth?

A
  1. Chronic hedonists.
    2 Crass consumers.
  2. Moral panic and youth as folk devils.
56
Q

What is moral panic?

A

When a person or group emerges to become defined as a problem to society.

57
Q

Society appears to be subject to periods of ___ ___.

A

Moral panic.

58
Q

When a face is put to moral panic, people tend to perceive that problem as ___.

A

Solved.

59
Q

The nature of moral panic is ___ by mass media.

A

Stylized.

60
Q

Who is moral barricades manned by?

A

Editors, bishops, politicians, and other right-thinking people.

61
Q

The genius behind moral panic acknowledges that the problems we face may not be…

A

New problems at all.

62
Q

Give an example of an issue that causes moral panic, but has been around for a long time.

A

Teenage pregnancy.

63
Q

___ is over-sensationalized.

A

Violence.

64
Q

Give an example of how youth are problematized.

A

When a group of high school students enter a store, they are more closely watched than a group of grandmothers.

65
Q

What is political rhetoric?

A

When law is used as a remedy.

66
Q

___ ___ perception is becoming more common, where women are capable of committing the same crimes as men.

A

Nasty girl.

67
Q

Give an example of a changing societal perception.

A

Is a bruise a problem? In the past, it was no big deal, but in the present, it is seen as the responsibility of the parent to “look after” their kids.

J - SOC 321 (22 decks)

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