Lecture 1: Introduction Flashcards
How is the term “youth” often defined?
Culturally.
How does the YCJA define youth?
As a person between the ages of 12 and 17.
How does the UN define youth?
As a person between the ages of 15 and 24.
Children are considered to be those under…
14.
The category of youth can be further divided into these subcategories:
- Teenagers (13-19) and
2. Young adults (20-24).
What constitutes “youth” in one society may not be true in another society. Give an example of a society that uses a different measure of youth.
Societies that use marriage as a measure.
What is a big factor in lower youth populations?
The rise in the lone person household.
Youth in the world are increasing/decreasing/staying the same.
Decreasing.
Most youth live in…
Developing nations.
A very low percentage of youth live in…
North America.
Only about __% of people in the U.S. have a degree.
30.
Unemployment rate for young people is consistently ___ that of adults.
Double.
True hunger and poverty occur only in impoverished nations. True or false?
False. Hunger and poverty persists even in the presence of prosperity.
Young people are seen as ___ ___ to ___ drugs.
Guinea pigs, test.
By definition, can a young person between the ages of 12-17 be a criminal?
No, they are classified as juvenile delinquents.
What is juvenile delinquency?
Crime committed by someone between the ages of 12 and 17.
The lack of access to ___ leads to a high rate of youth crime.
Leisure-time activities that do not depend on parent’s financial situation.
___ ___ is a major driving force behind globalization.
Information technology.
Canada’s population of young ___ is one of the fastest growing demographics.
Aboriginals.
By 2026, the number of 15-19 year olds in this segment of the population is predicted to be 37% larger than in 2001, compared to 6% for the rest of the population. This population is…
Aboriginal youth.
It is important to ensure provision of ___ ___ for Aboriginal youth as their population expands.
Social services.
Single parent homes almost always live in…
Relative poverty.
Households where ___ are the leads are more susceptible to poverty than…
Women, male-led households.
Why is it the case that women-led single parent households are more susceptible to poverty?
Women make a fraction of what the men make in the workplace.
Aboriginal parents are ___ as likely to live in a lone-parent household with a parent of either sex.
Twice.
Low-income rates are highest among ___ and ___ ___. 15% of all children aged 5 and under were part of a low-income family.
Children and young people.
The prevalence of low-income homes has ___ ___ ___ since peaking in 1996 at a rate of 18%.
Decreased by half.
In 2009, the unemployment rate was __% for youth aged 15-24, compared to 7% for adults.
15.
Unemployment rates for Aboriginal youth were at least ___ as high as non-Aboriginal youth in the western provinces in 2006.
Twice.
Differences between Aboriginal youth and non-Aboriginal youth was most pronounced in ___ areas.
Urban.
What are CMA’s?
Developed by Statistics Canada to analyze information collected. Stands for Census Metropolitan Areas.
What proportion of Aboriginal children in CMA’s were living in low-income families?
Over half.
What is the UCR?
A Uniform Crime Reporting survey, which has collected data on all criminal incidents known to, and substantiated by, Canadian police services since 1962.
Does poverty cause crime? If not, what does?
No, social inequality does.
Not having does not cause crime. Explain why.
If no one has anything, there is nothing to steal.
When does crime happen?
When others have to gaze at the good life they could’ve had.
Roughly _% of Canadian youth commit crime in any given year. Do these youth go on to become criminals?
- Not always.
Boys are ___ as likely than girls to be involved in violent crime.
Twice (30% vs. 15%).
What percentage of youth admit to engaging in delinquent behaviours?
37%.
Do immigrants, or children of immigrants commit more crime than Canadians?
No. In fact, they are shown to commit less crime.
What is the peak age for crime?
18 (sometimes 17).
After 18, the trend of crime is a ___ one.
Downward.
Does the fact that 18 years is the peak age of crime mean that youth commit the most crime?
No.
More than half of youths accused of committing a crime were dealt with using…
Extrajudicial measures.
Most crimes are committed by young people. True or false?
False.
What percentage of Criminal Code violations were committed by youths?
13.1%.
Females accounted for ___ ___ of youth accused by police of having committed a criminal code office.
One-quarter.
Over the past decade, there have been decreases in:
- Overall crime rate.
- Property crime rate.
- Violent crime rate.
What is the Crime Severity Index?
A measure that takes into account how serious the crime committed are.
Crimes committed in the ___ are typically much more egregious.
Territories.
Media portrays youth as ___ ___.
Crass consumers.
What does it mean when media portrays youth as crass consumers?
All they care about are their next toys, having fun, and new things.
What does it mean when media portrays youth as chronic hedonists?
They are seen as pure pleasure-seekers.
Who came up with the idea of moral panic?
Stanley Cohen.
What are the 3 characteristics media gives youth?
- Chronic hedonists.
2 Crass consumers. - Moral panic and youth as folk devils.
What is moral panic?
When a person or group emerges to become defined as a problem to society.
Society appears to be subject to periods of ___ ___.
Moral panic.
When a face is put to moral panic, people tend to perceive that problem as ___.
Solved.
The nature of moral panic is ___ by mass media.
Stylized.
Who is moral barricades manned by?
Editors, bishops, politicians, and other right-thinking people.
The genius behind moral panic acknowledges that the problems we face may not be…
New problems at all.
Give an example of an issue that causes moral panic, but has been around for a long time.
Teenage pregnancy.
___ is over-sensationalized.
Violence.
Give an example of how youth are problematized.
When a group of high school students enter a store, they are more closely watched than a group of grandmothers.
What is political rhetoric?
When law is used as a remedy.
___ ___ perception is becoming more common, where women are capable of committing the same crimes as men.
Nasty girl.
Give an example of a changing societal perception.
Is a bruise a problem? In the past, it was no big deal, but in the present, it is seen as the responsibility of the parent to “look after” their kids.
