Lecture 4: Keeping Youth Under Control Flashcards
Discourse
Verbal, written, and recorded speech.
Discourse is often defined as verbal, written, and recorded speech. However, what other factors play a part in discourse?
- Speech patterns, diction, dialect, and colloquialisms.
- Unacceptable words and phrases.
- Denotation and connotation of words.
Differences in ___ ___, ___, ___, and ___ can lead to language, words, and expressions that are meaningful to some people but meaningless to others.
Speech patterns, diction, dialect, colloquialisms.
Give an example of how unacceptable words and phrases affect discourse.
Gender consciousness is coming. Using Ms. instead of Mrs. or Miss..
Denotation
Dictionary definition.
Connotation
Underlying definition.
Discourse specifics how you ___ an issue.
Approach.
Discourse is intelligible to…
A specific audience.
Can discourse portray ideology?
Yes.
True or false? The types of deviance that bring youths to the CJS is ever changing.
False, there has been little change.
How youth deviant acts are ___ has changed.
Understood.
Give an example of how the understanding of youth deviant acts have chanted.
What constitutes bullying has changed.
What are the two discourses on youth as a problem?
- The Reformable Offender.
2. The Punishable Young Offender.
The Reformable Offender
A discourse on youth that is based on 19th and 20th Century working class male youths.
The Punishable Young Offender
A discourse on youth that is based on the idea that present-day youths are in need of discipline.
What is the prevailing discourse at this age?
The punishable young offender.
What are the 4 groups of young offenders that are deemed to be punishable?
- Violent youth.
- Squeegee kids.
- Aboriginal youth.
- Female offenders.
How do discourses of youth and crime contribute to the theoretical underpinnings of various responses to youth crime? Give an example to illustrate.
If we view them as deserving more punishment, it influences the laws we create.
Sociological Imagination
Link between an individual’s biography and the life of the society.
Policies and laws are influenced by how we ___ to a social problem.
Respond.
What are the two broad paradigms in explaining crime?
- The consensus approach.
2. The conflict approach.
The Consensus Approach
We have reached agreement on how we want to be governed.
The Conflict Approach
Sees society as rich vs. poor, bourgeoisie vs. proletariat, etc..
The feminist approach and critique of mainstream criminology looks at…
Androcentric research and the concept of “criminalized women.”
What approach looks at afrocentric research and the concept of “criminalized women.”
Feminist approach.
Androcentric
Male-centeredness.
What is the opposite of androcentricity?
Gynocentricity.
List the characteristics of a theory.
- A window to social reality.
- Set of propositions trying to explain the same phenomenon.
- Aim is always explanation.
- Must be testable.
What is the aim of a theory?
Explanation.
True or false? Theories need not be testable.
False. Theories must be testable.
Rearrange the following: Made into law, guess, testing of a hypothesis,paradigm, hypothesis, put together to theory.
Guess, hypothesis, testing of the hypothesis, put together to theory, then made into law, then possibly into paradigm.
What does the social production of theories involve?
- Authorized knowers.
- Criminological knowledge(s).
- Forms of control and/or punishment.
- Societal patterns and changes.
Authorized Knowers
- Average people in society are not authorized to know.
- Cloud of legitimacy surrounding authorized knowers.
- People who are licensed to know.
- Can be common knowledge.
What is the first formal school of criminology?
Classical Theories by Cesare Beccaria.
Who came up with the Classical Theories of criminology?
Cesare Beccaria.
Cesare Beccaria is associated with which school of criminology?
Classical Theories.
What notions are Classical Theories based on?
Liberlaism and utilitarianism from the Enlightenment.
Classical Theories believed in rationality. True or false?
True.
Which theory views human beings as self-interested and economic beings?
Classical Theory.
Which theory does not differentiate between adult and young offenders?
Classical Theories.
Do Classical Theories differentiate between adult and young offenders?
No.
Which theory is known for stating that “the punishment should fit the crime?”
Classical Theories.
What theories were thought of by Lombroso?
Positivist Theories.
Who thought up of the Positivist Theories?
Lombroso.