Lecture 7: Aboriginal Youth and the Criminal Justice Process Flashcards
What has caused youth crime?
Historical policies, practices, and processes that have resulted in severe and entrenched trauma among generations of Aboriginal peoples in this country.
Aboriginal
Individuals who identify as First Nations, Metis, or Inuit.
Crime can be understood to be about ___ and ___ relationships.
Harm, harmed.
According to Aboriginal values, what is criminal behaviour?
An expression of victimization and traumatization due to broken relationships.
Values
Collective conception of what is considered proper, desirable, and good (and vice-versa) in a culture.
Understanding the offender and the context within which he or she has โchosenโ to commit an offence leads us to consider the value of a ___ ___ in dealing with such offenders.
Healing perspective.
2 key factors to be considered:
- The shared experiences of Aboriginal peoples in their relations with settlers.
- Intergenerational trauma.
Intergenerational Trauma
The repercussions of which are felt in the daily lived experiences of Aboriginal youth.
Criminalization
The process whereby individuals are assigned the label โcriminal.โ
R v Gladue
Celebrating 19th birthday in 1995, and threatened to kill her boyfriend whom she suspected was having an affair with her sister. Stabbed her boyfriend in the chest. Charged with second degree murder but was convicted of manslaughter.
Aboriginal youth are more likely to live with:
- A lone parent of either sex.
- A grandparent with no parent present.
- Another relative.
Aboriginal children are more likely to be raised by ___ parents.
Younger.
Nearly half of off-reserve First nations children and a third of Metis children live inโฆ
Low income homes.
First Nations demonstrate a higher school ___ rate.
Dropout.
Unemployment rates of Aboriginal youth were at least ___ as high as non-Aboriginal youth in the western provinces.
Twice.
Aboriginal individuals between 15 and 24 have a higher level of ___ than non-Aboriginals (related to crime).
Victimization.
Relationships between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples are marred byโฆ
Broken relations and promises.
Colonization
Historial and ongoing processes that began with arrival of Europeans to the country and that include attempts to dominate and assimilate indigenous peoples.
Who is associated with the Colonial Model?
Frantz Fanon.
The colonial model is a ___ ___ perspective.
Socio-psychological.
Colonial Model
Focuses on the intersection of โstructural oppression, alienation, and three adaptive forms of behaviour โ assimilation crime or deviance, and protest.โ
The Colonial Model asks how systematic oppressionโฆ
Shapes outcomes in peopleโs lives.
Crime and protest tend to trend ___.
Together.
4 stages of colonization:
- Invasion of territory.
- Formation of a colonial society.
- Governing of natives.
- Development of a caste system based on racism.