Lecture 8 - Cranial Nerves (part 2) Flashcards
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
opthalamic, maxillary and mandibular
Each division of the trigeminal nerve passes through a different opening in which bone?
the sphenoid bone
Where are cell bodies of sensory neurons found in the trigeminal nerve?
the trigeminal ganglion
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?
sensory and motor
What is the modality of the trigeminal nerve?
somatic sensation and branchial motor
Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries motor signals to muscles of mastication?
the third division (mandibular)
Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation in the forehead to nose?
V1 (ophthalmic nerve)
Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation of the cheeks and temples?
V2 (maxillary nerve)
Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation of the chin and lateral face?
V3 (mandibular nerve)
Where does the trigeminal nerve originate from?
the lateral aspect of pons
What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic nerve?
nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal
Where does the nasociliary nerve travel to?
orbit, cornea, ant. nasal cavity, dorsum of nose
Where does the frontal nerve travel to?
anterior forehead, upper eyelid
What are the 2 terminal branches of the frontal nerve called?
supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
What type of nerve is the ophthalmic nerve?
sensory
What kind of modality is the ophthalmic nerve?
somatic sensation
Where does the ophthalmic nerve pass through?
superior orbital fissure
What does the tentorial branch carry?
sensory innervation of dura mater
What is the tentorial branch associated with?
headaches
What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve?
sensory
What is the modality of the maxillary nerve?
somatic sensation
Where does the maxillary nerve originate from?
foramen rotundum
What are the 4 branches of the maxillary nerve?
infraorbital, palatine, alveolar, nasal
Where do the alveolar nerves carry information to?
maxillary teeth
Where does the infraorbiral nerve carry information?
lower eyelids, cheeks, sides of nose, upper lip
Where does the meningeal branch remain?
inside cranial cavity
What does the meningeal branch of the maxillary nerve carry?
sensory innervation of dura mater
What type of nerve is the mandibular nerve?
sensory and motor
What modality is the mandibular nerve?
somatic sensation + branchial motor
Where does the mandibular nerve pass through?
the foramen ovale
Where does the mandibular nerve carry sensation from?
the temples, lower face & chin, lower lip,
inner cheek, anterior 2/3 of tongue, and lower teeth
Where does the mandibular nerve carry motor information to?
muscles of mastication
What are the 5 branches of the mandibular nerve?
auriculotemporal nerve, buccal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve
Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
lingual nerve
What nerve is responsible for the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
CN V3
What nerve is responsible for the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
CN VII
What kind of nerve is the facial nerve?
multimodal
The facial nerve has various pathways through which bone?
the temporal bone
What are the 3 different fibers of the facial nerve?
- special sensory fibers
- parasympathetic fibers
- branchial motor fibers
What are the 5 branchial motor nerves of the facial nerve?
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
What are the 3 major glands of the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve?
submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve go?
nasal, palatal and lacrimal glands + sublingual and submandibular glands
Where do the special sensory fibers of the facial nerve go?
anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Where do the branchial motor fibers of the facial nerve go?
to muscles of facial expression
What type of nerve is the facial nerve?
sensory and motor
Where does the facial nerve located in the base of the skull?
the internal acoustic meatus (+ stylomastoid foramen)
Where does the facial nerve originate from?
between pons and medulla
What foramen do the motor branches of the facial nerve pass through?
the stylomastoid foramen
What does the chorda tympani carry?
visceral motor and special sensory fibers
What does the facial nerve carry very small amounts of somatic sensation from?
the external ear
What is the sensory ganglion associated with the facial nerve?
geniculate ganglion
What are the 2 autonomic ganglia associated with the facial nerve?
- pterygopalatine ganglion
- submandibular ganglion
Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in (pterygopalatine ganglion)?
in greater petrosal nerve
Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons (submandibular ganglion)?
in chorda tympani
Which cranial nerve is the only nerve to leave the head and neck region?
the vagus nerve
What kind of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve?
sensory and motor (multimodal)
The glossopharyngeal nerve has a small branch passing through what?
the middle ear
What modalities does the glossopharyngeal nerve have?
A: branchial motor
B: visceral motor
C: visceral sensory
D: somatic sensory
E: special sensory (taste)
Which foramen is the glossopharyngeal nerve located in the base of the skull?
jugular foramen
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate?
lateral aspect of upper medulla
Where does the visceral sensation in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?
carotid body, carotid sinus and parts of pharynx
Where do the parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?
to parotid gland
Where do the branchial motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel? (muscle)
to stylopharyngeus
Where do the special sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?
from posterior 2/3 of tongue
Where do the somatic sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?
from posterior 2/3 of tongue, middle ear, tonsils and oropharynx
What type of nerve is the vagus nerve?
sensory and motor
What are the modalities of the vagus nerve?
A: brachial motor
B: visceral motor
C: visceral sensory
D: somatic sensory
E: special sensory (taste)
What foramen is the vagus nerve found in the base of the skull?
jugular foramen
Where does the vagus nerve originate from?
the lateral aspect of the medulla (behind olives)
Where do the branchial motor fibers of the vagus nerves travel?
pharynx (except stylopharyngeus [CN IX], larynx, most of palate, upper esophagus
How do branchial motor nerves of the vagus nerve travel?
via the recurrent laryngeal nerves
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves travel?
respiratory tract, cardiac muscle, digestive tract
Where do the visceral sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?
thoracic and abdominal organs
Where do the somatic sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?
laryngopharynx, larynx, dura mater in posterior cranial fossa, ear / external acoustic meatus
Where do the special sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?
root of tongue and epiglottis
What is the parasympathetic function of the oculomotor nerve?
- Pupillary constriction (sphincter pupillae)
- Alteration of lens shape (ciliary muscles)
What is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve?
- Release of tears (lacrimal gland)
- Release of saliva (sublingual and submandibular glands)
- Release of mucus (nasal cavity and palate)
What is the parasympathetic function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Release of saliva (parotid gland)
What is the parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve?
- Respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi)
- Heart (cardiac muscle)
- Digestive tract (foregut, midgut)
What spinal levels does the spinal accessory nerve originate from?
C1-C5/C6
What type of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve?
motor
What kind of modality is the spinal accessory nerve?
somatic motor or branchial motor
Where is the spinal accessory nerve located on the base of the skull?
jugular foramen
Where does the spinal accessory nerve originate from?
the lateral aspect of the cervical spine
Which two muscles does the spinal accessory nerve transmit motor information to?
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?
motor
What modality is the hypoglossal nerve?
somatic motor
Where is the hypoglossal nerve located in the base of the skull?
hypoglossal canal
Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate from?
anterior aspect of the medulla (infant of olives)
Where does the hypoglossal nerve transmit information to?
all tongue muscles except palatoglossus
Which muscles move the tongue?
the extrinsic ones
Which muscles change the shape of the tongue?
the intrinsic ones
What 2 muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between?
hyoglossus and mylohyoid
