Lecture 16 - Foregut Flashcards
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?
right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
What 3 organ systems are in the abdomen?
digestive system, biliary & pancreatic system, renal/urinary system
What are the 3 branches of the abdominal aorta?
- celiac trunk
- superior mesenteric a.
- inferior mesenteric a.
What division of the abdomen does the celiac trunk provide vascular supply to?
foregut
What division of the abdomen does the superior mesenteric a. provide vascular supply to?
midgut
What division of the abdomen does the inferior mesenteric a. provide vascular supply to?
hindgut
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
- duodenum
- ileum
- jejunum
What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?
- transverse colon
- ascending colon
- descending colon
- cecum
- sigmoid colon
Are the arteries of the abdomen paired or unpaired?
unpaired
What is the function of the esophagus?
transmits food from oral cavity to stomach
What are the 3 parts of the esophagus from a posterior view?
- inferior pharyngeal constrictor
- upper esophageal sphincter
- muscularis layer of mucosa
What are the 2 parts of the muscularis layer of mucosa?
outer longitudinal layer
inner circular layer
What is found between the stomach and the esophagus?
lower esophageal sphincter
What forms the internal esophageal sphincter?
bundle of muscle at the low end of the esophagus
What forms the external esophageal sphincter?
right crus of the diaphragm looping around the esophagus forming a sling
What quadrant is the stomach found in?
left upper quadrant
What are the 6 parts of the stomach?
- fundus
- greater curvature
- cardia
- lesser curvature
- pylorus
- pyloric sphincter
What 2 parts make up the pylorus?
pyloric antrum and pyloric canal
What kind of organ is the stomach?
intraperitoneal
What is the function of the stomach?
mechanical and chemical breakdown and mixing of food
How many divisions does the duodenum have?
4
What are the 4 divisions of the duodenum?
- Superior part
- Descending part
- Inferior part
- Ascending part
What parts of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?
D1 and end of D4
What parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?
D2, D3 and proximal D4
How is the duodenum suspended from the right crus of the diaphragm?
by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum
What is the function of the duodenum?
begins absorption phase, receives bile and pancreatic juices
What quadrant is the duodenum found in?
right upper quadrant
What quadrant is the pancreas found in?
right and left upper quadrants
What kind of organ is the pancreas?
retroperitoneal except the tail
What are the parts of the pancreas?
- Tail
- Body
- Neck
- Head
- Uncinate process
What vessels pass in the pancreas?
superior mesenteric vessels
Where does the head of the pancreas sit?
in concavity of duodenum
Where does the body and tail of the pancreas travel?
to the left, posterior to stomach, anterior to left kidney
What is the function of the pancreas?
produces ‘juice’ containing digestive enzymes, and hormones like insulin
What duct travels through the pancreas?
Pancreatic duct
What quadrant is the liver in?
right upper quadrant
What are the functions of the liver?
filtration of nutrients vs toxins from intestines, protein synthesis, production of bile
What are the 5 parts of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?
- coronary ligament
- bare area
- right lobe
- left lobe
- left triangular ligament
What are the 6 lobes of the visceral surface of the liver?
- quadrate lobe
- ligamentum teres
- caudate lobe
- ligamentum venosum
- right lobe
- left lobe
What is the bare area of the liver?
surface of liver against diaphragm, not covered by peritoneum
What is the coronary ligament?
peritoneal reflection, ‘suspends’ liver from diaphragm
What are the ligaments found posteriorly on the liver?
- left triangular ligament
- right triangular ligament
- coronary ligament
What 3 structures are found in the portal triad?
- common bile duct
- proper hepatic artery
- hepatic portal vein
What 2 ligaments are found between the right and left lobe of the liver?
- Falciform ligament
- Ligamentum teres
What kind of periotenum is the falciform ligament made of?
Visceral peritoneum (sickle-shaped fold)
What does the falciform ligament anchor the liver to?
anterior abdominal wall
What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?
umbilical vein
Where does the ligamentum teres run?
to umbilicus
What is the lung bypass in fetal circulation?
- Foramen ovale
- Ductus arteriosus
What is the liver bypass in fetal circulation?
Ductus venosus
What are the 4 remnants of fetal circulation?
- ligamentum arteriosum
- fossa ovalis
- ligamentum venosum
- ligamentum teres
What is the function of the biliary system?
- Stores excess bile produced by the liver (gallbladder)
- Releases it into the duodenum to assist with breakdown of fats
What are the parts of the gallbladder?
- Fundus
- Body
- Neck
What are the ducts in the biliary system?
- Cystic duct
- Common hepatic duct
- Right hepatic duct
- Left hepatic duct
- Common bile duct
- Accessory pancreatic duct
- Pancreatic duct
What duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct?
Cystic duct
What are the 3 openings for the ducts?
- Minor duodenal papilla
- Hepatopancreatic ampulla
- Major duodenal papilla
What is the function of the spleen?
Monitors quantity and condition of red and white blood cells, platelets (not a digestive organ)
What quadrant is the spleen located in?
Left upper quadrant
What are the borders of the spleen?
- Superior
- Anterior
- Inferior
What are the 3 areas of the spleen?
- Gastric area
- Colic area
- Renal area
What area is along the superior border?
Gastric area
What area is along the anterior border?
Colic area
What area is along the inferior border?
Renal area
What are the parts of the spleen?
- Hilum (root of the spleen)
- Closure of lesser sac
- Sphenogastric ligament
- Sphenorenal ligament
What type of organ is the spleen?
Intraperitoneal organ
What is the blood supply of the foregut?
- Celiac trunk + branches
- Superior mesenteric
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
- Left gastric a.
- Splenic a.
- Common hepatic a.
Where does the left gastric artery go?
Lesser curvature
Where does the splenic artery go?
To the spleen
Where does the common hepatic artery go?
Towards the liver
What is the portal system?
Made up of the
1. Hepatic portal vein
2. Hepatoduodenal ligament
3. 3 main branches
What is the hepatic portal vein?
- Downstream vessel before the liver
- Passes posterior to the duodenum
What does the hepatic portal vein enter?
The hepatoduodenal ligament
What are the 3 main branches of the portal system?
- Splenic vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
- Inferior mesenteric vein
What does the splenic vein drain?
The spleen and part of the foregut
What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
The small intestine and most of the large intestine
What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
The hindgut
