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ANAT-316 > Lecture 16 - Foregut > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

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2
Q

What 3 organ systems are in the abdomen?

A

digestive system, biliary & pancreatic system, renal/urinary system

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3
Q

What are the 3 branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  1. celiac trunk
  2. superior mesenteric a.
  3. inferior mesenteric a.
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4
Q

What division of the abdomen does the celiac trunk provide vascular supply to?

A

foregut

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5
Q

What division of the abdomen does the superior mesenteric a. provide vascular supply to?

A

midgut

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6
Q

What division of the abdomen does the inferior mesenteric a. provide vascular supply to?

A

hindgut

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. duodenum
  2. ileum
  3. jejunum
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8
Q

What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?

A
  1. transverse colon
  2. ascending colon
  3. descending colon
  4. cecum
  5. sigmoid colon
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9
Q

Are the arteries of the abdomen paired or unpaired?

A

unpaired

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10
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

transmits food from oral cavity to stomach

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the esophagus from a posterior view?

A
  1. inferior pharyngeal constrictor
  2. upper esophageal sphincter
  3. muscularis layer of mucosa
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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the muscularis layer of mucosa?

A

outer longitudinal layer
inner circular layer

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13
Q

What is found between the stomach and the esophagus?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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14
Q

What forms the internal esophageal sphincter?

A

bundle of muscle at the low end of the esophagus

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15
Q

What forms the external esophageal sphincter?

A

right crus of the diaphragm looping around the esophagus forming a sling

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16
Q

What quadrant is the stomach found in?

A

left upper quadrant

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17
Q

What are the 6 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. fundus
  2. greater curvature
  3. cardia
  4. lesser curvature
  5. pylorus
  6. pyloric sphincter
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18
Q

What 2 parts make up the pylorus?

A

pyloric antrum and pyloric canal

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19
Q

What kind of organ is the stomach?

A

intraperitoneal

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20
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown and mixing of food

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21
Q

How many divisions does the duodenum have?

A

4

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22
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior part
  2. Descending part
  3. Inferior part
  4. Ascending part
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23
Q

What parts of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?

A

D1 and end of D4

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24
Q

What parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

D2, D3 and proximal D4

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25
Q

How is the duodenum suspended from the right crus of the diaphragm?

A

by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum

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26
Q

What is the function of the duodenum?

A

begins absorption phase, receives bile and pancreatic juices

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27
Q

What quadrant is the duodenum found in?

A

right upper quadrant

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28
Q

What quadrant is the pancreas found in?

A

right and left upper quadrants

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29
Q

What kind of organ is the pancreas?

A

retroperitoneal except the tail

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30
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A
  1. Tail
  2. Body
  3. Neck
  4. Head
  5. Uncinate process
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31
Q

What vessels pass in the pancreas?

A

superior mesenteric vessels

32
Q

Where does the head of the pancreas sit?

A

in concavity of duodenum

33
Q

Where does the body and tail of the pancreas travel?

A

to the left, posterior to stomach, anterior to left kidney

34
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

produces ‘juice’ containing digestive enzymes, and hormones like insulin

35
Q

What duct travels through the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic duct

36
Q

What quadrant is the liver in?

A

right upper quadrant

37
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

filtration of nutrients vs toxins from intestines, protein synthesis, production of bile

38
Q

What are the 5 parts of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?

A
  1. coronary ligament
  2. bare area
  3. right lobe
  4. left lobe
  5. left triangular ligament
39
Q

What are the 6 lobes of the visceral surface of the liver?

A
  1. quadrate lobe
  2. ligamentum teres
  3. caudate lobe
  4. ligamentum venosum
  5. right lobe
  6. left lobe
40
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A

surface of liver against diaphragm, not covered by peritoneum

41
Q

What is the coronary ligament?

A

peritoneal reflection, ‘suspends’ liver from diaphragm

42
Q

What are the ligaments found posteriorly on the liver?

A
  1. left triangular ligament
  2. right triangular ligament
  3. coronary ligament
43
Q

What 3 structures are found in the portal triad?

A
  1. common bile duct
  2. proper hepatic artery
  3. hepatic portal vein
44
Q

What 2 ligaments are found between the right and left lobe of the liver?

A
  1. Falciform ligament
  2. Ligamentum teres
45
Q

What kind of periotenum is the falciform ligament made of?

A

Visceral peritoneum (sickle-shaped fold)

46
Q

What does the falciform ligament anchor the liver to?

A

anterior abdominal wall

47
Q

What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?

A

umbilical vein

48
Q

Where does the ligamentum teres run?

A

to umbilicus

49
Q

What is the lung bypass in fetal circulation?

A
  1. Foramen ovale
  2. Ductus arteriosus
50
Q

What is the liver bypass in fetal circulation?

A

Ductus venosus

51
Q

What are the 4 remnants of fetal circulation?

A
  1. ligamentum arteriosum
  2. fossa ovalis
  3. ligamentum venosum
  4. ligamentum teres
52
Q

What is the function of the biliary system?

A
  1. Stores excess bile produced by the liver (gallbladder)
  2. Releases it into the duodenum to assist with breakdown of fats
53
Q

What are the parts of the gallbladder?

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Neck
54
Q

What are the ducts in the biliary system?

A
  1. Cystic duct
  2. Common hepatic duct
  3. Right hepatic duct
  4. Left hepatic duct
  5. Common bile duct
  6. Accessory pancreatic duct
  7. Pancreatic duct
55
Q

What duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct?

A

Cystic duct

56
Q

What are the 3 openings for the ducts?

A
  1. Minor duodenal papilla
  2. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
  3. Major duodenal papilla
57
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Monitors quantity and condition of red and white blood cells, platelets (not a digestive organ)

58
Q

What quadrant is the spleen located in?

A

Left upper quadrant

59
Q

What are the borders of the spleen?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Anterior
  3. Inferior
60
Q

What are the 3 areas of the spleen?

A
  1. Gastric area
  2. Colic area
  3. Renal area
61
Q

What area is along the superior border?

A

Gastric area

62
Q

What area is along the anterior border?

A

Colic area

63
Q

What area is along the inferior border?

A

Renal area

64
Q

What are the parts of the spleen?

A
  1. Hilum (root of the spleen)
  2. Closure of lesser sac
  3. Sphenogastric ligament
  4. Sphenorenal ligament
65
Q

What type of organ is the spleen?

A

Intraperitoneal organ

66
Q

What is the blood supply of the foregut?

A
  1. Celiac trunk + branches
  2. Superior mesenteric
67
Q

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  1. Left gastric a.
  2. Splenic a.
  3. Common hepatic a.
68
Q

Where does the left gastric artery go?

A

Lesser curvature

69
Q

Where does the splenic artery go?

A

To the spleen

70
Q

Where does the common hepatic artery go?

A

Towards the liver

71
Q

What is the portal system?

A

Made up of the
1. Hepatic portal vein
2. Hepatoduodenal ligament
3. 3 main branches

72
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein?

A
  • Downstream vessel before the liver
  • Passes posterior to the duodenum
73
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein enter?

A

The hepatoduodenal ligament

74
Q

What are the 3 main branches of the portal system?

A
  1. Splenic vein
  2. Superior mesenteric vein
  3. Inferior mesenteric vein
75
Q

What does the splenic vein drain?

A

The spleen and part of the foregut

76
Q

What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?

A

The small intestine and most of the large intestine

77
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?

A

The hindgut

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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