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ANAT-316 > Lecture 22 - Reproductive Systems: Assigned Female at Birth > Flashcards

Lecture 22 - Reproductive Systems: Assigned Female at Birth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 classifications for the major components of the AFAB reproductive system?

A
  1. Gonad-related
  2. Tracts
  3. Accessory glands
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2
Q

What are the gonad-related components?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Fallopian tubes
  3. Uterus
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3
Q

What are the tracts of the AFAB reproductive system?

A
  1. Vagina
  2. External genitalia (vulva)
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4
Q

What are the accessory glands of the AFAB reproductive system?

A
  1. Greater vestibular gland
  2. Paraurethral glands
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5
Q

Where is the uterus and vagina located?

A

Anteriorly: Between bladder and urethra
Posteriorly: Rectum

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6
Q

What is located in the pelvis of an AFAB when not pregnant?

A
  • Ovaries
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
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7
Q

What tract is separate from the reproductive tract in an AFAB?

A

The urethra and urinary tract

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8
Q

What is the vagina?

A
  • Distensible fibromuscular tube from external female genitalia to cervix of uterus
  • Length varies, enlarges during sexual arousal
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9
Q

What is found on the walls of the vagina?

A

Vaginal rugae

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10
Q

What is the vaginal vault?

A

Expanded space at superior end of vagina

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11
Q

What protrudes into the vaginal vault?

A

The cervix of the uterus

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12
Q

What does the protrusion of the cervix create in the vaginal vault?

A
  • Protrudes into it like a dome
  • Creates recesses around margin of vault
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13
Q

What are these recesses around the margin of the vault called?

A

Fornices

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14
Q

What is the function of the vaginal vault?

A

Receives semen during intrercourse

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15
Q

What is the cervix of the uterus?

A

Muscular neck of the uterus protrudes into the superior part of the vagina

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16
Q

What does the cervix surround?

A

The spindle-shaped cervical canal

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17
Q

What does the cervix allow?

A

Communication with the vagina at the external cervical os and with the uterus proper at the internal cervical os

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18
Q

What is the internal cervical os?

A

Opening of cervix into the uterus

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19
Q

What is the external cervical os?

A

Opening of cervix into the vagina

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20
Q

Where is the cervical canal located?

A

Between internal os and external os

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21
Q

What is the shape of the external os with no previous births?

A

Nulliparous

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22
Q

What is the shape of the external os with at least one previous birth?

A

Parous

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23
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Muscular organ located in the center of the pelvis, between bladder and rectum

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24
Q

What are the parts of the uterus?

A
  1. Cervix
  2. Body
  3. Fundus
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25
Q

What do the parts of the uterus create?

A

Cavity, isthmus (narrowed inlet into internal os)

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26
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A
  1. Site of fertilized egg implantation
  2. Development of embryo/fetus
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27
Q

What are the fallopian tubes?

A

Paired muscular tubes extending laterally from superolateral corners of the uterus

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28
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

Site of egg fertilization by sperm

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29
Q

What are the structures in the fallopian tubes that play a role in fertilization?

A
  1. Ampulla
  2. Infundibulum
  3. Fimbriae
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30
Q

What occurs in the ampulla?

A

Normal site of fertilization

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31
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A
  • Funnel shaped
  • Open to peritoneal cavity
  • Next to the ovary
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32
Q

What do the fimbriae do?

A

Projections that catch ovum during ovulation

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33
Q

What is the ovary?

A

Attached to uterus via ligament of the ovary

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34
Q

Where is the ovary located?

A

On lateral wall of pelvis, inferior to pelvic inlet

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35
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Oogenesis

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36
Q

What is the structure of the uterine wall?

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
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37
Q

What type of layer is the perimetrium?

A

Serous

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38
Q

What type of layer is the myometrium?

A

Muscular

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39
Q

What type of layer is the endometrium?

A

Mucosal layer for implantation

40
Q

Which structures of an AFAB are sub-peritoneal?

A
  • Urinary bladder
  • Vagina
41
Q

Which structures are intra-peritoneal?

A
  • Uterus
  • Uterine tubes
  • Ovaries
42
Q

Why are the uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries intra-peritoneal?

A

They protrude into the peritoneal cavity enough that they are surrounded by peritoneum

43
Q

What are the two peritoneal recesses in AFAB?

A
  1. Vesicouterine pouch
  2. Rectouterine pouch
44
Q

Are the ovary and infundibulum connected?

A

No, they are in contact but developed apart

45
Q

What are the ovary and infundibulum encased in?

A

Their own peritoneum

46
Q

What is necessary to allow the ovum to enter the infundibulum?

A

A hole in the peritoneum

47
Q

What is the typical position of the uterus?

A
  • Anteverted
  • Anteflexed
  • Rests on the bladder
48
Q

What does anteverted mean?

A

Cervix bends anteriorly relative to the vagina

49
Q

What does anteflexed mean?

A

Uterus bends anteriorly relative to the cervix

50
Q

What are the abnormal positions of the uterus?

A
  1. Retroflexed
  2. Retroverted
51
Q

What symptoms may occur when the uterus is abnormally positioned?

A
  • Painful bowel movements
  • Difficulty conceiving (obstructed ovaries or incarcerated uterus)
52
Q

What are the angles of the uterus?

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Version
53
Q

What is the flexion angle?

A

Between the cervix and the body of uterus

54
Q

What is the version angle?

A

Between the cervix and the vagina

55
Q

What supports the uterus?

A
  1. Levator ani (pelvic floor)
  2. Uterine ligaments
  3. Broad ligament of the uterus (sheet of the peritoneaum)
56
Q

What are the uterine ligaments?

A
  1. Round ligament of the uterus
  2. Cardinal ligament (transverse cervical)
  3. Uterosacral ligament (sacro-cervical)
57
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Homolog of the spermatic cord in the AMAB

58
Q

Where is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

From: Superolateral corners of the uterus
Through: Inguinal canal
To: Labia majora

59
Q

What is the function of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Maintains the position of the uterus (especially during pregnancy as the uterus grows)

60
Q

Where is the cardinal ligament?

A

From: Pelvic wall
To: Cervix and lateral fornices of vagina

61
Q

What is the function of the cardinal ligament?

A
  1. Maintain a central position of the uterus
  2. Protect uterine vessels
62
Q

What is the uterosacral ligament?

A

Peritoneal covering creates uterosacral folds at the anterior margin of the rectouterine pouch

63
Q

Where is the uterosacral ligament?

A

From: Sacrum
To: Cervix

64
Q

What is the function of the uterosacral ligament?

A

Maintain the central position of the uterus

65
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A
  • Sheet of peritoneum
  • Double fold of peritoneum
  • Connects them to walls and floor of the pelvis
66
Q

What does the broad ligament cover?

A

Anterior and posterior uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

67
Q

What does the broad ligament “drape”?

A

Drapes L/R sides of the uterus over the uterine tubes

68
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus enclose?

A

Anterior: Round ligament of the uterus
Posterior: Ligament of the ovary and the ovary
+ associated structures

69
Q

What are the different parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A
  1. Mesometrium
  2. Mesosalpinx
  3. Mesovarium
70
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

Largest part of the broad ligament

71
Q

Where is the mesometrium?

A

From: Lateral pelvic walls and uterine ligaments
To: Body of the uterus

72
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

Most superior part of the broad ligament

73
Q

Where is the mesosalpinx?

A

Between uterine tube and ovary

74
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

Posterior extension of the broad ligament

75
Q

Where is the mesovarium?

A

Attaches to and suspends the ovary

76
Q

What is the ligament of the ovary?

A

Former gubernaculum

77
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A
  • Former gubernaculum
  • Continuous with round ligament
78
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A
  • Peritoneum surrounding ovarian artery and vein
  • Extends laterally from ovary and infundibulum
79
Q

What are the features of the AFAB external genitalia?

A
  1. Labia majora
  2. Labia minora
  3. Clitoris
  4. Vaginal vestibule
80
Q

What is the labia majora?

A
  • Most external
  • Analogous to scrotum
81
Q

What is the labia minora?

A
  • 2 hairless skin folds
  • Medial to labia majora
82
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Located at anterior/superior junction of labia minora

83
Q

What forms the body of the clitoris?

A

Free part of corpora cavernosa

84
Q

What is the vaginal vestibule?

A
  • Region between 2 labia minora
  • Contains urethral and vaginal orifices, and accessory glands
85
Q

What is the erectile tissue of an AFAB?

A
  1. Corpora cavernosa (x2)
  2. Bulbs of the vestibule (x2)
86
Q

What is the crura of the corpora cavernosa?

A
  • Proximal parts of corpora cavernosa
  • Attached to pubic arch
  • 2x
87
Q

What are the bulbs of the vestibule?

A

Analogous to corpus spongiosum in AMAB

88
Q

What are the greater vestibular glands?

A
  • Allows for lubrication and cleaning of vagina
  • Analogous to bulbourethral glands in AMAB
89
Q

What are the skeletal muscles of an AFAB?

A
  1. Ischiocavernosus
  2. Bulbospongiosus
90
Q

What is the ischiocavernosus?

A

Covers crura of corpora cavernosa

91
Q

Where is the ischiocavernosus?

A

Attaches to ischial tuberosity and pubic arch

92
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus?

A

Forces blood from crura into body of clitoris for engorgement

93
Q

What is the bulbospongiosus?

A

Covers the bulb of the vestibule

94
Q

Where is the bulbospongiosus?

A

Attaches to perineal membrane and body

95
Q

What is the function of the bulbospongiosus?

A

Forces blood into distal region of clitoris

96
Q

What is the innervation of the AFAB skeletal muscles?

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

97
Q

What type of innervation does the pudendal nerve give?

A

Somatic innervation

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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