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ANAT-316 > Lecture 14 - The Neck > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What does the investing layer of fascia surround?

A

neck, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

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2
Q

What does the muscular layer of the pretracheal fascia surround?

A

infrahyoid muscles

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3
Q

What sheath surrounds the vascular compartment?

A

carotid sheath

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4
Q

What does the visceral layer of fascia encircle?

A

neurovasculature

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5
Q

What are the 5 layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  1. investing layer of cervical fascia
  2. muscular layer of pretracheal fascia
  3. visceral layer of pretracheal fascia
  4. carotid sheath
  5. prevertebral fascia
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6
Q

Which 2 veins drain blood from the superficial anterior neck?

A

anterior jugular vein
external jugular vein

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7
Q

Where do the anterior and external jugular veins drain?

A

into the subclavian veins

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8
Q

Why is a vertical incision use during a cricothyrotomy?

A

because the anterior jugular veins can be damaged

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9
Q

What are the “strap muscles” of the neck broadly grouped into?

A

suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

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10
Q

What is the primary action of the strap muscles?

A

moving the hyoid bone

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11
Q

What does the movement of the hyoid bone indirectly effect?

A

affect the pitch of the voice

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12
Q

Why does the movement of the hyoid bone indirectly effect the pitch of the voice?

A

beause of its connection with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx

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13
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. elevates the hyoid
  2. depress mandible when the hyoid is fixed
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14
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. depresses the hyoid
  2. moves the larynx
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15
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. mylohyoid
  2. digastric (ant. + post. bellies)
  3. stylohyoid
  4. geniohyoid
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16
Q

What are the 2 bellies of the digastric muscle joined by?

A

intermediate tendon

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17
Q

Do the digastric muscles directly attach to the hyoid bone?

A

no

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18
Q

Which 2 muscles are often together as some of the boundaries of the neck?

A

stylohyoid and the posterior belly of the digastric

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19
Q

What sling does the digastric muscle have?

A

facial sling

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20
Q

What is the geniohyoid innervated by?

A

anterior ramus of C1 via hypoglossal nerve

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21
Q

What are the mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles innervated by?

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve CN V3

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22
Q

What are the stylohoid and the posterior belly of digastric muscles innervated by?

A

facial nerve CN VII

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23
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

A
  1. sternohyoid
  2. thyrohoid
  3. sternothyroid
  4. omohyoid
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24
Q

What are teh superior and inferior bellies of the omohyoid joined by?

A

intermediate tendon

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25
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis formed by?

A

anterior rami of C1-C3

26
Q

What nerve does the anterior ramus of C1 hitchhike on?

A

hypoglossal nerve

27
Q

What levels are the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1-C2

28
Q

What levels are the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C2-C3

29
Q

What is the function of the thyrohyoid?

A

raises larynx when hyoid bone is fixed

30
Q

What is the function of the sternothyroid?

A

depresses larynx

31
Q

What are the 2 actions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

uni: contralateral rot, ipsilateral flexion
bi: ext. of head/neck, flexion of neck

32
Q

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

spinal accessory nerve

33
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the neck?

A

anterior and posterior triangles

34
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. submandibular (digastric)
  2. submental
  3. muscular (omotracheal)
  4. carotid
35
Q

What are the 3 boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. inferior border of the mandible
  2. ant. border of sternocleidomastoid
  3. midline of neck
36
Q

What are the 3 boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. post. border of sternocleidomastoid
  2. ant. border of trapezius
  3. superior border of clavicle
37
Q

What neurovasculature is found in the posterior triangle?

A

external jugular vein
spinal accessory nerve

38
Q

What is found in the punctum nervosum?

A

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexes C2-C4

39
Q

What is the floor of the posterior triangle formed by?

A
  1. levator scapulae
  2. middle scalene
  3. anterior scalene
  4. posterior scalene
40
Q

Which 2 muscles does the brachial plexus emerge from?

A

anteiror and middle scalenes

41
Q

Which triangle is the only unpaired triangle?

A

submental triangle

42
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle? (3)

A
  1. ant. belly of digastric
  2. post. belly of digastric/stylohoid
  3. inferior border of mandible
43
Q

What are the major contents of the submandibular triangle? (5)

A
  1. submandibular gland
  2. lymph nodes
  3. CN XII
  4. nerve to mylohyoid
  5. facial artery
44
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle? (2)

A
  1. ant. belly of digastric (bilaterally)
  2. hyoid bone
45
Q

What are the major contents of the submental triangle? (2)

A
  1. anterior jugular vein
  2. lymph nodes
46
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle? (3)

A
  1. sup. belly of omohyoid
  2. ant. border of sternocleidomastoid
  3. midline of neck
47
Q

What are the major contents of the muscular triangle? (3)

A
  1. infrahoids
  2. thyroid gland
  3. larynx
48
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle? (3)

A
  1. sup. belly of omohyoid
  2. ant. border of sternocleidomastoid
  3. post. belly of digastric
49
Q

What are the major contents of the carotid triangle? (5)

A
  1. carotid aa. (common, internal, external)
  2. internal jugular v.
  3. CN X, XI, XII
  4. ansa cervicalis
  5. superior laryngeal nerve
50
Q

Between which vein and artery is the vagus nerve found in the carotid triangle?

A

internal jugular vein and carotid arteries

51
Q

In addition to some of the infrahyoid muscles, the muscular triangle also contains…

A

the larynx, trachea, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands

52
Q

Which gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body?

A

thyroid gland

53
Q

What glands are found on the thyroid gland?

A

parathyroid glands (4; 2 superior and 2 inferior)

54
Q

What is the pyramidal lobe on the thyroid gland a remnant of?

A

thyroglossal duct

55
Q

What are the 2 arteries involved in thyroid vasculature?

A

superior thyroid (from external carotid) and inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian)

56
Q

What is found near the lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

recurrent branches of the vagus nerves

57
Q

What nerves are at risk during a thyroidectomy?

A

laryngeal nerves

58
Q

What does damage to an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve result in?

A

monotone voice

59
Q

What does damage to a recurrent laryngeal nerve result in?

A

hoarseness

60
Q

What is found in the thyroid venous plexus?

A
  1. superior thyroid vein
  2. middle thyroid vein
  3. inferior thyroid vein
61
Q
A

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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