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ANAT-316 > Lecture 6 - Introduction to the Skull > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Introduction to the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A
  1. skin
  2. connective tissue (dense)
  3. aponeurotic layer
  4. loose connective tissue
  5. pericranium (periosteum)
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2
Q

Why does the scalp bleed so much if it is cut?

A

because the dense connective tissue tends to hold on the vessels open leading to profuse bleeding

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3
Q

How many bones are in the neurocranium?

A

8

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4
Q

How many bones are in the viscerocranium?

A

14

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5
Q

What is the calvaria?

A

skull cap

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6
Q

What kind of bones is the neurocranium formed by?

A

flat and irregular bones

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7
Q

How are the bones of the neurocranium joined together by?

A

fibrous solid joints (sutures)

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8
Q

How are the bones of the neurocranium joined together initially during childhood?

A

by hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

What are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?

A
  1. frontal (1)
  2. occipital (1)
  3. parietal (2)
  4. temporal (2)
  5. ethmoid (1)
  6. sphenoid (1)
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10
Q

What are the 4 sutures in the neurocranium?

A
  1. saggital
  2. coronal
  3. squamosal
  4. lambdoid
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11
Q

What are the 2 reference points of the sutures of the naurocranium?

A

bregma and lambda

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12
Q

What suture is between the two parietal bones?

A

the saggital suture

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13
Q

Which suture is between the frontal and parietal bones?

A

the coronal suture

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14
Q

Which sutures are between the temporal and parietal bones?

A

the squamosal sutures

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15
Q

Which sutures are between the occipital and parietal bones?

A

the lambdoid sutures

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16
Q

Which two sutures are found in the bregma reference point?

A

the saggital and coronal sutures

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17
Q

Which two sutures are found in the lambda reference point?

A

the saggital and lambdoid sutures

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18
Q

What are the bones of the neonatal neurocranium separated by?

A

fontanelles

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19
Q

When do fontanelles close?

A

within 18 months after birth

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20
Q

What is the pterion?

A

weak point in the skull where 4 bones form an H-shaped junction

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21
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A
  1. anterior cranial fossa
  2. middle cranial fossa
  3. posterior cranial fossa
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22
Q

Which bones contribute to the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone (body & lesser wings)

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23
Q

Which bones contribute to the middle cranial fossa?

A

sphenoid bone (body & greater wings), temporal bones

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24
Q

Which bones contribute to the posterior cranial fossa?

A

temporal bones and occipital bones

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25
Q

What parts of the brain does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

A

frontal lobes of cerebrum

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26
Q

What parts of the brain does the middle cranial fossa contain?

A

temporal lobes of cerebrum

27
Q

What parts of the brain does the posterior cranial fossa contain?

A

brainstem and cerebellum

28
Q

What forms most of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa?

A

the frontal bone (orbital part) and ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

29
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ethmoid bone?

A

cribriform plate and crista galli

30
Q

What does the cribriform plate have?

A

numerous foramina for olfactory nerves

31
Q

Which floors does the sphenoid bone contribute to?

A

the anterior cranial fossa and middle cranial fossa

32
Q

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone anteriorly? (5)

A
  1. lesser wing
  2. greater wing
  3. orbital surface
  4. pterygoid process
  5. superior orbital fissure
33
Q

What are the 4 foramina found on the sphenoid bone?

A
  1. optic canal
  2. foreamen rotundum
  3. foramen ovale
  4. foramen spinosum
34
Q

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone posteriorly? (6)

A
  1. optic canal
  2. superior orbital fissure
  3. foramen rotundum
  4. foramen ovale
  5. foramen spinosum
  6. sella turcica
35
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located in the sphenoid bone?

A

in the sella turcica

36
Q

What fossa does the sella turcica contain?

A

the pituitary/hypophyseal fossa

37
Q

Which 2 parts of the temporal bone contribute to the floor of the middle cranial fossa?

A

squamous and petrous

38
Q

Which part of the temporal bone contributes to the floor of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

petrous part

39
Q

Which part of the temporal bone contains the external acoustic meatus?

A

the tympanic part

39
Q

What are the parts of the temporal bones laterally? (5)

A
  1. zygomatic process
  2. mandibular fossa
  3. styloid process
  4. external acoustic meatus
  5. mastoid process
40
Q

What are the 2 bones of the temporal bone?

A

squamous and petrous

41
Q

Which part of the temporal bone is the internal acoustic meatus found?

A

in the petrous part

42
Q

Why is the internal acoustic meatus not a continuous tunnel?

A

because the middle and inner ear structures are in between

43
Q

What is the function of the petrous ridge?

A

it separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae

44
Q

Which other bone forms the floor of the posterior cranial fossa in addition to the petrous parts of the temporal bones?

A

the occipital bone

45
Q

What are the parts of the occipital bone superiorly? (3)

A
  1. clivus
  2. hypoglossal canal
  3. foramen magnum
46
Q

What does the clivus accommodate?

A

the brainstem (pons)

47
Q

What does the deep cerebellar fossae hold?

A

the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum

48
Q

What are the parts of the occipital bone inferiorly?

A
  1. pharyngeal tubercle
  2. occipital condyle
49
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal tubercle?

A

it suspends the pharynx beneath the skull

50
Q

What does the occipital condyle articulate with?

51
Q

What are the foramina found in the anterior cranial fossa? (1)

A

cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)

52
Q

What are the foramina found in the middle cranial fossa? (6)

A

sphenoid bone (5):
- optic canal
- superior orbital fissure
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum

foramen lacerum

temporal bone (1):
- carotid canal

53
Q

What are the foramina found in the posterior cranial fossa? (4)

A

temporal bone (1):
- internal acoustic meatus

jugular foramen

occipital bone (2):
- hypoglossal canal
- foramen magnum

54
Q

Which two foramen are formed between bones?

A

the foramen lacerum and jugular foramen

55
Q

Which bones are between the foramen lacerum?

A

sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

56
Q

Which bones are between the jugular foramen?

A

temporal and occipital bones

57
Q

What are the structures that travel through the jugular foramen?

A

internal jugular vein + cranial nerves IX, X, XI

58
Q

How many bones is the viscerocranium composed of?

59
Q

How many paired bones are there in the viscerocranium?

60
Q

How many unpaired bones are there in the viscerocranium?

61
Q

Which bone is sometimes included in both neurocranium and viscerocranium?

62
Q

What are the bones of the viscerocranium?

A
  1. nasal bones (2)
  2. lacrimal bones (2)
  3. zygomatic bones (2)
  4. inferior nasal conchae (2)
  5. vomer (1)
  6. maxillae (2)
  7. mandible (1)
  8. palatine (2)

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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