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ANAT-316 > Lecture 15 - Introduction to the Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Introduction to the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 abdominal wall muscles?

A
  1. external oblique
  2. internal oblique
  3. transversus abdominis
  4. rectus abdominis
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2
Q

What is the inguinal ligament a portion of?

A

external oblique aponeurosis

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3
Q

What is the attachment of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What is found inside the inguinal ligament?

A

the inguinal canal

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5
Q

hat does the inguinal ligament form?

A

the floor of the inguinal canal

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6
Q

The inguinal canal allows passage of structures associated with what?

A

external genitalia

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7
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of external oblique

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8
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia

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9
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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10
Q

What does the inguinal canal contain (reproductive organs)?

A

spermatic cord and round ligament of uterus

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11
Q

Why is the inguinal canal larger in individuals with testes?

A

because of associated vas deferens and vessels

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12
Q

Gonads develop between which 2 structures?

A

parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall fascia

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13
Q

How are testes descended into the external scrotum (‘pulled’ and guided by)?

A

gubernaculum

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14
Q

What happens to the layers of the anterior abdominal wall during descent of the testes?

A

they evaginate and pull testes wth them

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15
Q

How do the layers of the anterior abdominal wall pull the testes with them?

A

by shortening the gubernaculum

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16
Q

What will some layers of the anterior abdominal wall surround/become?

A

surround: testes and spermatic cord
become: layers of the spermatic fascia

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17
Q

What do the subcutaneous tissue contribute to?

A

dartos muscle and fascia

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18
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the external oblique?

A

external spermatic fascia

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19
Q

Which muscle of the scrotum contributes to the internal oblique?

A

cremaster muscle

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20
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the transv. abdomonis?

A

no contribution

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21
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the transversalis fascia?

A

internal spermatic fascia

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22
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the perietal peritoneum?

A

tunica vaginalis

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23
Q

What 5 nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11
  2. subcostal nerve T12
  3. iliohypogastric T12-L1
  4. ilioinguinal L1
  5. genitofemoral n. L1-L2
24
Q

Which 5 arteries provide blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

internal thoracic a.
superior epigastric a.
inferior epigastric a.
branch of external iliac a.
musculophrenic a.

25
Q

What region is an area of potential herniation?

A

inguinal triangle

26
Q

What is the inguinal triangle bounded by?

A

RA, inguinal ligament, and inferior epigastric vessels

27
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

abdominal viscera herniate through deep inguinal ring (1), into inguinal region (e.g., scrotum) via inguinal canal (and SIR), lateral to inf. epigastric vessels

28
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

abdominal viscera herniate through inguinal triangle (2), directly into inguinal region (via SIR), medial to inferior epigastric vessels

29
Q

What does the peritoneum create?

A

a potential space with visceral and parietal peritoneal layers

30
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs surrounded by?

A

visceral peritoneum

31
Q

Where do the retroperitoneal organs sit?

A

posterior to the parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall

32
Q

What are the layers of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  1. parietal peritoneum
  2. visceral peritoneum
  3. peritoneal cavity
  4. mesentery
33
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

double layer of visceral peritoneum, contains vascular structures that suspends intestines to posterior abdominal wall

34
Q

What are the lesser and greater omenta?

A

folds of visceral peritoneum

35
Q

Where does the greater omentum hang?

A

over the intestines

36
Q

Where does the greater omentum start and end?

A

from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

37
Q

What are some functions of the greater omentum?

A

fat storage, immune system, physical barrier to spread of infection

38
Q

Where does the lesser omentum start and end?

A

liver to lesser curvature of stomach

39
Q

What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?

A

lesser and greater curvature

40
Q

What are the ligaments between the liver and stomach?

A
  1. hepatogastric lig.
  2. hepatoduodenal lig.
41
Q

What do the two omenta divide the peritoneal cavity into?

A

greater and lesser omental sacs

42
Q

Where does the lesser sac run?

A

posterior to stomach, extends into space between layers of greater omentum

43
Q

We can access the lesser sac behind the ___ ___ of the lesser omentum.

A

heptoduodenal ligament

44
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

window to the lesser omental sac

45
Q

What creates the epiploic foramine?

A

the free border of the less omentum

46
Q

What is the left side of the lesser sac sealed by?

A

ligaments of the spleen

47
Q

Where do thoracic splanchnic prevertebral ganglia pass?

A

from sympathetic trunk in thorax to prevertebral plexus and ganglia

48
Q

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve go?

A

to foregut (celiac ganglion)

49
Q

What does the lesser splanchnic nerve go?

A

to aorticorenal and superior mesenteric ganglia -> to midgut

50
Q

Where does the least splanchnic nerve go?

A

to renal plexus

51
Q

Where do lumbar splanchnic nerves go?

52
Q

Which nerve from the brain provides parasympathetic innervation to the abdomen?

53
Q

What does the vagus nerve provide parasympathetic innervation to?

A

foregut and midgut

54
Q

What does the sacral spinal cord form?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

55
Q

Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves go?

A

to the hindgut

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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