Lecture 8

Question 1

Define consciousness

Answer 1

a persons objective experience of the world and mind

Question 2

how did freud define the unconscious

Answer 2

dynamic unconscious: active system that encompases a lifetime hidden memeories, deepest instinct and desires and an inner struggle to control these forces

Question 3

What is repression

Answer 3

a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness

Question 4

What is cognitive unconsciousness

Answer 4

the mental process that gives rise to our thoughts and feelings/decisions

Question 5

what is subliminal perception

Answer 5

a thought or behavior that is influences by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report by perceiving

Question 6

what is circadian rhythen

Answer 6

a biological rhythm with a period of about 24 hours
can be impacted by genetics, stress, illness, exercise, drugs
internal desynchronization

Question 7

beta waves

Answer 7

alert, awake

Question 8

alpha waves

Answer 8

relaxation, drowsy

Question 9

what are the stages of sleep

Answer 9

1. awake (beta)
2. drowsy/relaxed (alpha)
3. stage 1 sleep (theta waves)
4. Stage 4 sleep (sleep spindles, k complexes)
5. stage 3/stage 4 sleep (delta waves)
6. REM sleep (sawtooth waves, fast random)

Question 10

what is insomnia

Answer 10

you may have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting good quality sleep

Question 11

what is sleep apnea

Answer 11

breathing repeatedly stops and starts

Question 12

what is somnambulism

Answer 12

sleep walking, occurs in 3/4 stage of sleep, safe to wake them

Question 13

what is narcolepsy

Answer 13

degradation of hypothalamus neurons

Question 14

night/sleep terrors

Answer 14

bad dreams

Question 15

REM behavior disorder

Answer 15

you physically act out your dreams unknowingly while you’re asleep

Question 16

What is a psychoactive drug

Answer 16

a chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemical message system

Question 17

what is drug tolerance

Answer 17

the person has to take more to have the same effect

Question 18

what is drug dependance

Answer 18

maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by such symptoms as repeated substance ingestion despite physical or psychological problems caused by the substance, ingesting larger amounts of the substance over longer periods of time, unsuccessful efforts to limit substance use, tolerance to the substance’s effects, and physiologic withdrawal (DSM-IV).

Question 19

what is psychological dependance

Answer 19

a strong desire to return
to the drug even when
physical symptoms are gone.

Question 20

what is drug abuse

Answer 20

a problematic pattern of substance use that
results in poor role functioning, interpersonal difficulties, recurrent substance use in physically hazardous situations, or repeated legal difficulties

Question 21

what are depressants

Answer 21

substances that reduce
the activity of the central nervous system

Question 22

what are stimulants

Answer 22

substances that excite the
central nervous system, heightening arousal
and activity levels

Question 23

what are narcotics/opiates

Answer 23

highly addictive drugs
derived from opium that relieve pain (heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine).

Question 24

endorphins/endogenous opiates

Answer 24

natural neurotransmitters that have a similar structure to opiates and that appear to play a role in how the brain copes internally with pain and stress.

Question 25

what is a hallucinogen

Answer 25

drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations (LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP,
ketamine).

Question 26

what is marijuana

Answer 26

the leaves and buds of the
hemp plant that produces a mildly
hallucinogenic intoxication (THC is the active ingedient)