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Psyc 101 > lecture 13- psychological disorders > Flashcards

lecture 13- psychological disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

define psychological disorders

A

disorders reflecting abnormalities of the mind

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2
Q

what is the medical model

A

the conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes, and possible cures.
- diagnosis, symptoms, sydrome

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3
Q

what is the intervention-causation fallacy

A

if the treatment is effective, it must address the cause of the problem

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4
Q

what is the DSM-V

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
–A classification system describing diagnostic criteria, symptoms, ways to distinguish one disorder from another
(5 or more symptoms over a 2 week period)

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5
Q

for each disorder the DSM-V gives

A

Most common sx
Typical age of onset
Predisposing factors
Course of disorder
Prevalence of disorders
Sex ratio
Cultural issues

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6
Q

what is comorbidity

A

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

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7
Q

what is the WHODAS

A

World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale
36 item, self administered measure of illness disability over past 30 days, applicable to any illness

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8
Q

problems with DSM-V

A

Danger of overdiagnosis
does it follow you forever
confusion with serious mental disorder
illusion of objectivity and universality

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9
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model

A

a model suggestion that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress (nature and nurture)

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10
Q

3 anxiety disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder (PD)
Phobias
- Specific phobia
- social phobia

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11
Q

Symptoms of GAD

A

Long lasting feelings of apprehension and doom
Chronic Excessive worry accompanied of at least 3 of the following
- restlessness or keyed up or on edge fatigue
- concentration problems or mind goes blank
- irritability
- muscle tension
- sleep disturbance

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12
Q

Symptoms of Panic Disorder

A

Panic Disorder: recurrent attacks of intense fear/panic/terror
attack followed by persistent concern about having another attack
worry about implications of attack
significant change of behavior related to attacks

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13
Q

define agoraphobia

A

fear of public spaces

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14
Q

define panic attack

A

discrete period of time of panic in which 4 or more symptoms develop quickly and reach peak by about 10 minutes

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15
Q

Phobic disorders

A

disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities or situations
- specific phobia
- social phobia

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16
Q

What is preparedness theory

A

humans are biologically prepared to learn to fear objects and situations that threatened the survival of the species throughout its evolutionary history

17
Q

What is social phobia

A

irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed

18
Q

OCD

A

Obsessions: recurrent, persistent, unwanted thoughts or images
Compulsions: repetitive, ritualized, stereotypes behaviors that person feels must be carries out the avoid disaster

19
Q

What is post traumatic stress disorder?

A

negative alterations in cognitions or mood
alterations in arousal and reactivity

20
Q

what are depressive disorders

A

characterized by extreme and persistent periods or depressed mood

21
Q

major depression

A

5 or more symptoms over 2 week period, must have depressed mood or loss of interest previously pleasurable activities

22
Q

dysthymia

A

the same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression but they are less severe and last longer (at least 2 years)

23
Q

Double depression

A

periodic major depression and dysthymia

24
Q

postpartum depression

A

after giving birth; biological, social and responsibility changes, lack of sleep/support

25
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

26
Q

possible causes of depression

A

genetics
low serotonin
brain structure differences (correlated but not causal)
stress, trauma
Helplessness theory: attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable and global

27
Q

beck’s cognitive triad

A

self, future, world

28
Q

cognitive behavior therapy triable

A

thoughts, behavior, emotions

29
Q

risk factors of suicide

A

HOPELESSNESS

30
Q

bipolar disorder

A

an unstable emotional condition, characterized by cycles os abnormal persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)
three types:
Bipolar 1: major depression + manic
Bipolar 2: major depression + hypomanic episode
Rapid cycling BD; 4 mood episodes

31
Q

what is a manic episode

A

abnormally high state os exhilaration, feeling powerful, full of plans based on delusional ideas, impulsive high risk behavior

32
Q

dissociative disorder

A

a condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness or personality that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years

33
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities
that, at different times, take control of the individual’s behavior.

34
Q

Schizophrenia

A

personality loses its unity”, a
disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behavior.

35
Q

5 types of schizophrenia

A
  • Paranoia is a pattern of behavior where a person feels distrustful and suspicious of other people and acts accordingly
  • catatonic: striking motor behaviour, typically involving either significant reductions in voluntary movement or hyperactivity and agitation
  • disorganized: disorganized behavior and speech as well as disturbance in emotional expression
  • undifferentiated: rapidly changing mixture of all symptoms
  • residual: mild indication of schizophrenia shown by individuals on remission following a schizophrenic episode
36
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized, incoherent speech
disorganized behaviors

37
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

emotional flatness
cant speak fluently
can’t care for self
catatonic stupor

38
Q

what causes schizophrenia

A

Dopamine hypothesis: original hypothesis: produces more dopamine; after further research: abnormally high number of D2 receptors
brain structure: enlarged ventricles, brain tissue loss
genetic predisposition
stress model
prenatal environment

39
Q

personality disorder

A

characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling of relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning

Psyc 101 (13 decks)

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