lecture 14 - treatment of disorders Flashcards
why might people fail to get treatment
may not realize that thier disorder needs treatment
barriers
stigma
two main approaches to treatment
psychotherapy, biological
define psychotherapy
an interaction between a therapist and someones suffering for a psychological problem with the goal of providing support or relief form the problem
Psychodynamic therapy
gaol is to bring repressed conflicts to consciousness to understand them and reduce their influence
psychodynamic techniques
define free association
keep talk and eventually the unconscious would talk
dream analysis
hear dreams and analysis (glance into unconsciousness)
interpretation
threpsist looking for a meaning in our words and actions –> hit home –> theory of what is really going on
analysis of resistance
hit too close to home –> on the right track
transference
transfer feelings onto the therapist, resolution can be very helpful
countertransference
therapists transfers feeling on to the client
behavioral therapy
assumes that disordered behavior is learned,
symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive ones
behavioral techniques
self–monitoring, token economy, skills training, exposure therapy, systematic desensitization
what is behavioral self monitoring
keeping track of when things happen
what is token economy
given token when they do something well, can exchange the tokens for something (works well fro children)
what is skills training
methodological system that performers use to manage and regulate their psychological state, homework is usually involved
exposure therapy
confront an emotionally arousing stimulus directly
systematic desensitization
gradually exposing someone to an anxiety-producing object, thought, or experience whilst simultaneously performing relaxation techniques to reduce the symptoms of anxiety.
define Cognitive therapy
involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about the self, others and the world
define cognitive restructuring
teaches clients to questions the automatic beliefs and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs
Three commons cognitive distortions
all or nothing thinking
overgeneralization (always and never)
mental filter (single negative filter)
cognitive behavioral therapy
a bland of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies
- problem focused
- action oriented
- transparent (everything is explained)
humanistic therapy
assumes all individuals have a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist
techniques of humanistic therapy
non-directive: patient leads the sessions and sets the goals
congruence: therapist is open and honest
empathy: see the world through the client’s perspective
unconditional positive regard: client should feel very comfortable
existential therapy
gestalt therapy: help the client become aware their thoughts, behaviors etc and to own and take responsibility for them
goal: greater awareness of “here and now” will lead to full and meaning full life
Gestalt techniques
therapist is warm and enthusiastic
emphasize experiences in present therapy sessions
- focusing on how it feel tot alk about it now
- somatic sensations: discuss body movements and feeling seen in therapy
group therapy
multiple participants work on individual problems in a group atmosphere
Psychopharmacology
the study of drug effects
on psychological states and symptoms
Antipsychotic drugs
medications used to treat
schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
- haldol
- block dopamine receptors
- clozaril, risperdal (newer)
- address dopamine and
serotonin receptors
anti-anxiety drugs
medication used to reduce a persons experience of fear or anxiety
- benzodiazepines (most common, fast acting, can easily be abused, tolerance and withdrawals
- Buspar for GAD
- neurontin for panic and social anxiety
antidepressant drugs
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- prevent break down of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine (severe side effects)
tricyclic antidepressants
- block reuptake norepinephrine, serotonin
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Block reuptake of serotonin
- Prozac, Paxil
- Fewer side effects so most commonly prescribed
Mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder
Lithium: regulates glutamate in brain
Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines also used to treat bipolar disorder.
warnings about medications
placebo effect
high relapse and drop out rates
dosage difficulties
