lecture 4 Flashcards
sensation
perception
processing of sensation to form representation
transduction
when sensors in the body convert physical signals from the environment into neural signals sent to the CNS
sensory adaptation
sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions
sensing light
visible light is the portion of the EM that we can see
properties of light waves
length- hue or what we perceive as color
amplitude - brightness
purity-saturation or richness of color
parts of the human eye
cornea
lens
iris
pupil
retina
function of cornea
protective layer
function of lens
bend the light to get it to the back of the eyes
iris
a gate for the pupil (let in or keep out light)
function of pupil
let light in
function of retina
has photoreceptors which receive light and send image to brain
types of photoreceptors in the retina
cones and rods
what is the fovea
an area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods
function of cones
detect color, operate under normal light conditions, focus on fine detail
function of rods
only gray scale, become active under low light conditions
process of transduction
photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, ganglion cells, optic disk, optic nerve, brain
monocular depth cues
aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when view with only one eye
what is binocular disparity
the difference in retinal images of the two eyes that provides information about depth
what are sound waves
changes in air pressure unfolding over time
aspects of soundwaves
pitch- how high or low a sound is
loudness- a sounds intensity
timbre- sound quaility
three parts of the human ear
outer ear
-pinna
-auditory canal
-eardrum
middle ear
- ossicles ( hammer, anvil, stirrup)
Inner ear
- cochlea (basilar membrane, hair cells/receptor/cilia)
-semicircular canals
-sends auditory messages to thalamus then brain
how do you know where sound is coming from
timing and loudness ( one ear hears it before the other)
strereophonic hearing
four type sod mechanoreceptors located under the skin’s surface
pressure, texture, pattern vibration
how do we sense pain
A-delta fibers: fast acting, sharp pain goes along myelinated axon (fast)
C-fibers: slower acting, unmyelinated axon (slow), dull throbbing pain
what is gate control theory
asserts that non-painful input closes the nerve “gates” to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system
what is the process of smelling?
odor binds with ORN binding sites in the olfactory epithelium
signal travels to olfactory bulb which is made up of axons from ORNs and send the message to the brain
what are the 5 taste receptors
salt
sour
bitter
sweet
umami
what is on the tongue that allows you to taske
papillae, taste buds (microvilli: taste receptors thatr eact with tastant molecules in food)
