Lecture 12 - personality

Question 1

define personality

Answer 1

a distinctive pattern of behaving, mannerisms, thoughts, motives and emotional that characterize an individual over time and across different situations

Question 2

who had a psychodynamic approach

Answer 2

freud

Question 3

what is the psychodynamic approach

Answer 3

personality is primarily formed bye arly childhood experiences and shaped by unconscious processes

Question 4

structure of the mind (Frued)

Answer 4

Id: present at birth, pleasure gratification, our bodily needs (wants, desires, impulses (sextual and aggressive drives)

Ego: referee between Id and Superego to meet demands of society, holds back impulses until appropriate

Superego: represents morality and parental authority, feelings of pride/satisfaction OT guild/shame

Question 5

how do people deal with inner conflict

Answer 5

defense mechanisms: unconscious coping mechanisms (used my ego) that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses

Question 6

repression

Answer 6

Subconsciously blocking ideas or impulses that are undesirable

Question 7

projection

Answer 7

unwanted feelings are displaced onto another person, where they then appear as a threat from the external world

Question 8

rationalization

Answer 8

people justify difficult or unacceptable feelings with seemingly logical reasons and explanations

Question 9

displacement

Answer 9

Transferring one’s emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another
sublimation: negative emotional -> value (athletes)

Question 10

reaction formation

Answer 10

which people express the opposite of their true feelings, sometimes to an exaggerated exten

Question 11

regression

Answer 11

adult -> child

Question 12

denial

Answer 12

ignoring the reality of a situation to avoid anxiety

Question 13

identification

Answer 13

The internalization or reproduction of behaviors observed in others

Question 14

freud’s psychosexual stages of development

Answer 14

oral: babies putting everything in their mouth
anal: 2-3 years old, potting training
phallic : 3-5 years old, a boy wants his mother and wants to get rid of his father
latency: 5 - 13 years old, axseual -. friendships, hobbies
genital: puberty

Question 15

psychosexual stages

Answer 15

distinct early life stages through sexutal energy takes on different forms as child matures.

each stages is associated with conflict to be resolved, otherwise child is fixated which personality is formed as children

Question 16

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 16

predict how people will do at work, get along with others, succeed as leaders, low reliability but still used often.

Question 17

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI)

Answer 17

a well-researched clinical questionnaire
used to assess personality and psychological
problems. 567 questions

Question 18

Projective techniques

Answer 18

a standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individuals personality

-ink blot test (if you see something no one else does –> something is wrong)
-thematic apperception test: give an image ans tell a story about it (themes will emerge)

Question 19

define trait

Answer 19

a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way

Question 20

traits of the big five factor model

Answer 20

– extroversion – introversion
– neuroticism – emotional stability
– agreeableness – antagonism
– conscientiousness – impulsive
– openness to experience – resistance to new experiences

Question 21

Influences on personality

Answer 21

BOTH genetic/biological and environmental factors contribute to personality

parents and peers

cultural influences
- individualist cultures: self is regarded as autonomous, individual goals and wishes are prized above duty and relations with others
- collectivistic cultures: self is regarded as embedded in relashipships, harmony with one’s group is prized above individual goals and wishes

Question 22

Humanistic approach

Answer 22

Humanistic psychologists emphasize a
positive, optimistic view of human nature that
highlights people’s inherent goodness and
their potential for personal growth and
resilience.

Question 23

Abraham Maslow

Answer 23

Hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self- actualization

self actualization: refers to the need for personal growth and discovery that is present throughout a person’s life

Question 24

carl rogers unconditional positive regard

Answer 24

is the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centred therapy

Question 25

existentialism

Answer 25

Existentialist psychologists emphasize the
individual as a responsible agent who is free
to create and live his or her life while
negotiating the issue of meaning and the
reality of death

Question 26

existential approach

Answer 26

regards personality an governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death