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Psyc 101 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuron

A

cells in the nervous system that communicate with on another to perform information-processing tasks

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2
Q

parts of a neuron

A

cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheaths, nodes of ranvier, synapse

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3
Q

cell body

A

coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cell alaive

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4
Q

dendrites

A

recives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

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5
Q

axon

A

transmits information to other neurons, muscles or glands

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6
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulating layer of fatty material

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7
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

increase efficiency of signal transmission

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8
Q

synapse

A

the junction or region between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites or cell body of another

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9
Q

types of neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneurons

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10
Q

sensory nuerons

A

TO BRAIN (eternal world-> spinal cord -> brain)

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11
Q

motor neuron

A

TO BODY (spinal -> muscles -> movment)

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12
Q

interneurons

A

neurons that connect sensory neurons, motor neurons or other interneurons)

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13
Q

electric signaling

A

communicating information within a neuron
1. resting potential: -70 millivolts ( Na/k pump pumps 3 Na+ out and 2K+ in –> negative)
2. threshold is met (-55 mv)
3. cell becomes positively charged (+40)
4. action potential: an electric signal that is conducted along an axon to a synapse
5. refractory period has to reset to 70

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14
Q

chemical signalling

A

synaptic transmission between neurons, when an action potential reaches the end of on axon at the terminal button and a neurotransmitter is released into the synapse, collected at the receptor of the receiving neuron

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15
Q

how do neurotransmitters leave the synapse

A

reuptake: pump reabsorbes neurotransmitters
enzyme deactivation: enzymes eat the neurotransmitters
autoreceptors: concentration of NT are so high that the same terminal button that is releasing the NT is connected a triggered so it closed the gap stopping the release of NTs

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16
Q

acetylcholine

A

voluntary muscle control, memory and learning (Alzheimers)

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17
Q

Dopamine

A

regulated motor behavior, pleasure and emotional arousal (parkinsons)

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18
Q

norepinephrine

A

influences mood and arousal (depression)

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19
Q

serotonin

A

regulates sleep, dreaming, mood, aggression

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20
Q

endorphins

A

chemicals that act within the pain and pleasure pathways (runners high)

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21
Q

how does L-dopa help parkinsons

A

precursor to dopamine

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22
Q

how does prozac help depression

A

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (prevents reuptake int he synapes so it increase concentration)

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23
Q

the nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

24
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord
spinal reflexes: simple pathways that rapidly generate muscle contractions

25
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

connects CNS to organs and muscles (somatic + autonomic)

26
Q

somatic nervous system

A

conveys information in and out of CNS

27
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

conveys involuntary and automatic commands to body (sympathetic ad parasympathetic)

28
Q

division of somatic NS

A

sensory: body to brain
motor: braint o body

29
Q

division of autonomic NS

A

sympathetic: prepares the body for action
parasympathetic: helps body return to normal resting state

30
Q

major divisions of the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

31
Q

parts of the hindbrain

A

pons, cerebellum, medulla, reticular formation

32
Q

function of pons

A

relays info between cerebellum and brain

33
Q

function of cerebellum

A

fine motor skills, coordination, balance

34
Q

function of medulla

A

coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration

35
Q

function of reticular formation

A

regulated sleep, wakefulness and arousal level

36
Q

function of midbrain

A

important for orientation and movement

37
Q

function of forebrain

A

critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory and motor function

38
Q

parts of forebrain

A

cerebral cortex and subcortical stuctures

39
Q

what is the cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of brain, divided into 2 hemispheres

40
Q

where are the subcortical structures

A

under the cerebral cortex, center of brain

41
Q

what are the subcortical structures in the forebrain

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, amygdala

42
Q

function of the thalamus

A

relays information from senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex

43
Q

function of the hypothalamus

A

regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst and sexual behavior

44
Q

function of pituitary gland

A

“master gland” releases hormones

45
Q

hippocampus

A

make new memories

46
Q

amygdala

A

emotional processes, formation of new emotional memories

47
Q

what are the lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

made of 2 hemispheres (attached by the corpus callosum) that are divided into 4 lobes
occipital
parietal
temporal
frontal

48
Q

function of occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex

49
Q

function of parietal lobe

A

processes information about touch (somatosensory cortex)

50
Q

function of the temporal lobe

A

hearing and language

51
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

motor cortex, planning, judgement, memory

52
Q

who was phineas gage

A
53
Q

what is contralateral representation in the brain

A

right hemi controls left body
left hemi controls right body

54
Q

left hemi is responsible for

A

language

55
Q

right hemi is responsible for

A

visual-spatial

56
Q
A

Psyc 101 (13 decks)

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